SATS :: Volume #2

#168: An overweight granule?

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„Strange?” Approaches, Senior Brother strict stared at the computer screen to look some little time, the brow wrinkled slightly, „...... was truly strange, wasn't the experiment that we did 1-10 gev can the collision of sector? How come up did the data young tiger to 1 tev?” “奇怪？”走近过来,严师兄盯着电脑屏幕看了好一会儿,眉头微微皱了下,“……确实挺奇怪的,我们做的实验不是1-10gev能区段的碰撞吗？怎么数据都彪到1tev上去了？” Saying, Senior Brother strict threw the line of sight of inquiry to Professor Grell. 说着,严师兄向格雷尔教授投去了询问的视线。 conversion between tev and gev is 1 : 1000, was equivalent to the particle beam in collider gallery, the energy of clashing had arrived at 1000 gev. But seeks clashing energy that the penta-quark state granules need, 6 gev was enough. tev和gev之间的换算是1:1000,相当于对撞机坑道中的粒子束流,对撞的能量已经到达了1000gev。而寻找五夸克态粒子需要的对撞能量,6gev就足够了。 In order to seek for a granule situated in 6 gev energy region, the clashing energy will arrive above 1000 gev, this is not the cannon hits the mosquito, was the rocket hits the fly simply. 为了寻找一个位于6gev能区的粒子,将对撞能量开到1000gev以上,这已经不是大炮打蚊子,简直是火箭打苍蝇了。 However hears strict Xinjiao the question, Professor Grell haha smiles, answered with tone calmly. 然而听到严新觉的疑问,格雷尔教授哈哈笑了笑,用若无其事的口吻解释道。 „I said that now is testing the condition of track, is not the official experiment. As for is so big, you who why opens must under the pardon affection of cern to obtaining this new toy. If not the budget of this experiment is limited, they even prepare to your peers demonstrate above 10 tev energy region clashing.” “我说了,现在在测试轨道的状况,并不是正式实验。至于为什么开的这么大,你得体谅下cern对得到这个新玩具的喜爱。如果不是这次实验的预算有限,他们甚至准备给你们这些同行们展示一下10tev能区以上的对撞。” To put it bluntly, shows off. 说白了,就是炫耀。 Moreover of scarlet fruits shows off. 而且还是赤果果的那种炫耀。 Imagines, theory Physics and high-energy physics laboratory, vision focuses in the world here. Does not show off while this opportunity, white did reckless expand dozens that the track spends hundred million? 想象一下,全世界的理论物理学家和高能物理实验室,都把目光聚焦在这里。不趁着这个机会炫耀一把,岂不是白瞎了扩建轨道花掉的几十个亿？ Does not make the collider transfer inside granule cluster to rumble, how to make others know own machine flamboyant? 不让对撞机转里面的粒子团簇轰一下,怎么让别人知道自己的机器有多牛逼？ However cern also really has the capital of showing off, it is said in a limiting case, the hadron collider after extension even can achieve the clashing experiment of 14 tev. In other words, granule of each operational in track, will carry the 7 tev energy. 不过cern也确实有炫耀的资本,据说在极限情况下,扩建后的强子对撞机甚至能做到14tev的对撞实验。也就是说,每一个运行在轨道中的粒子,将携带7tev的能量。 This energy terrifying? 这个能量有多恐怖呢？ In many situations this power unit( according to mass energy reduction formula) was also used to describe that granule quality, for example 1 hydrogen atom quality probably 1 gev, but the higgs granule of 12 years of discovery is 125 gev. 很多情况下这个能量单位(根据质能换算公式)也被用来形容粒子的质量,比如一个氢原子的质量大概1gev,而12年发现的higgs粒子是125gev。 Contrasts the words of peer crosswise, the limit of going to the capital electron reactor probably in 5 gev this number, missed the entire magnitude from tev this power unit. 横向对比同行的话,上京正负电子对撞机的极限大概在5gev这个数字上,距离tev这个能量单位差了整整一个数量级。 To catch up with the words of this power unit, can only expect that Qin Dao cepc finished, but that was also the ten years later things. 想要追上这个能量单位的话,只能期待秦岛的cepc完工,不过那也是十年后的事情了。 „...... My meaning is not the experiment can the sector be strange,” the finger of Lu Zhou almost must poke on the computer screen, „haven't you noticed? nearby 750 gev here, here has the unusual shock phenomeneon.” “……我的意思不是实验的能区段奇怪,”陆舟的手指几乎要戳到了电脑屏幕上,“你们都没注意到吗？750gev附近这里,这里有个异常的撞击现象。” „This did not call the shock phenomeneon, this was only an independent two-photon signal, but why will appear in the 750 gev energy region is a little truly strange.” Professor Grell feels the chin, „, but turns over to strangely strangely, having this situation is not rare, we can always observe some special signals on the atlas detector, but responded that the data in statistical image possibly is only one ‚static’.” “这不叫撞击现象,这只是一个单独的双光子信号,不过为什么会出现在750gev能区确实有点奇怪。”格雷尔教授摸着下巴,“但奇怪归奇怪,出现这种情况也不算罕见,我们总能在atlas探测器上观测到一些特殊的信号,但反应在统计图像上的数据可能只是一个‘杂音’而已。” „Is this situation very common?” Stares in the screen that outlier, Lu Zhou cannot be bearing ask. “这种情况很常见吗？”盯着屏幕中那个异常点,陆舟还是忍不住问道。 „Very common,” Senior Brother strict nods, all signals that „proton beam flux collision produces, we understand is also less than 1%. Therefore we usually speculate the conclusion, then tries to prove through the experiment, if you will treat will frequently be used to it here.” “挺常见的,”严师兄点了点头,“质子束流碰撞产生的所有信号,我们了解的还不到1%。所以我们通常是推测结论,然后再通过实验求证,你要是经常待在这里就会习惯了。” The high-energy physics is a thing of very metaphysics. 高能物理本身就是一个很玄学的东西。 As a result of atomic rank following existence, may not by „visual observation”, to determine a granule exists, will involve to a very important target confidence. 由于原子级别以下的存在,是不可被“直接观察”的,所以为了确定一个粒子真实存在,就会涉及到一个很重要的指标置信度。 This is concept in a statistics. 这是一个统计学上的概念。 In the high energy physical experiment, below 3 times of standard deviations is called „sign”, over 3 times are called „evidence”, over 5 times can be called „discovery”. Although in the news will frequently present „breakthrough progress” and „major discovery” and so on phrase, but actually most situations are only „sign”. 在高能物理实验中,三倍标准偏差以下称为“迹象”,三倍以上称为“证据”,五倍以上才能称为“发现”。虽然新闻中经常会出现“突破性进展”、“重大发现”之类的字眼,但其实大多数情况都只是“迹象”。 Based on this recognized theory, when the confidence achieves 3 sigma, can force to be counted is „sign”. 基于这种公认的理论,当置信度达到3sigma,才能勉强被算作是“迹象”。 The characteristics absorption that presents temporarily cannot show anything. 一个临时出现的特征峰并不能说明什么。 So long as through unceasingly repeated trial, and observes some granule on the different detectors and different colliders repeatedly, causes on the confidence of this granule when many detectors achieves the 5 sigma above, this granule can be identified as „discovery”. 只要通过不断地重复实验,并且在不同的探测器、不同的对撞机上多次观测到某个粒子,使这个粒子在多个探测器上的置信度都达到5sigma以上时,这个粒子才能被确认为“发现”。 Heard Senior Brother strict saying that Lu Zhou has not said anything again. 听到严师兄这么说了,陆舟也就没再说什么。 Quick, the experiment continues. 很快,实验继续进行。 A series of green points dense and numerous unfolding in image, mostly counts strongly in 125 gev this boundary following region. 一连串的绿点在图像上密密麻麻的铺开,大多数点都集中在125gev这个分界线以下的区域。 However in the Lu Zhou heart 750 gev regarding that point that presents somewhat cannot put down, the attention was diverted on that energy region. 不过陆舟心中对于750gev出现的那个点还是有些放不下,注意力还是被牵制在那一段能区上面。 Then at this moment, another point jumped suddenly in 750 gev energy region position. 然后就在这时,忽然又一个点跳在了750gev能区这个位置上。 At this moment, in the Lu Zhou heart moves suddenly, looked that asked to nearby Professor Grell: „The data on cms detector?” 就在这时,陆舟忽然心中一动,看向旁边的格雷尔教授问道:“cms探测器上的数据呢？” On a track has many detectors, atlas and cms two detectors are the sensitivity are highest, even was used to seek for the dark matter. 一条轨道上有很多个探测器,其中atlas和cms两个探测器是灵敏度最高的,甚至被用来寻找过暗物质。 Very simple method examination proved he discovers exceptionally is the misconception, that is the same phenomenon is observed simultaneously by two detectors. 有一个很简单的方法检验证明他发现的异常到底是不是错觉,那就是同一个现象被两个探测器同时观察到。 Hears the Lu Zhou issue, Professor Grell gawked slightly, some expression doubts replied. 听到陆舟的问题,格雷尔教授微微愣了下,表情有些疑惑的回答道。 „...... The data of cms detector collection is the laboratory in building is responsible, if you are curious, waited a while to test to end me to lead you to go to that to take a look, but I cannot get out of the way now.” “……cms探测器收集的数据是楼上的实验室负责,你要是好奇的话,等一会儿实验结束了我可以带你去那瞧瞧,不过我现在走不开。” Lu Zhou asked: „Will the hit data that these trial operations obtain record?” 陆舟紧接着问道:“那这些试运行测得的撞击数据会记录下来吗？” Professor Grell nods: „Generally speaking will put on file, the words that but many reference values, you have not needed I can beat one to you, in any case is not the secret content. However I have to under the reminder you, this not public experimental data, you, if wants the quotation in the paper to be impossible.” 格雷尔教授点了点头:“一般来说会存档,不过并没有多少参考价值,你需要的话我可以给你拷一份,反正也不是什么机密内容。不过我不得不提醒下你,这种未公开的实验数据,你如果想在论文中引用是不可能的。” Stands, Senior Brother strict asked the sentence curiously: „What did you discover?” 站在旁边,严师兄好奇地问了句:“你到底发现了什么？” Lu Zhou thinks, finally insisted own viewpoint, said: „I always feel the data a little issue of 750 gev this energy region. Even if explained from the angle of statistics, described this obvious bulge the random event, always felt a little forced.” 陆舟想了想,最终还是坚持了自己的观点,开口说:“我总感觉750gev这一能区的数据有点问题。哪怕是从统计学的角度进行解释,将这个明显的凸起形容成随机事件,总感觉有点牵强。” Senior Brother strict cracks a joke saying: „At an angle of view of mathematician?” 严师兄开玩笑道:“以一个数学家的视角？” Lu Zhou: „Is.” 陆舟:“算是吧。” Senior Brother strict sighed: „I know that your research direction is the mathematical physics, but I have to remind you, although math the important instrument of research theoretical physics, but not all physical phenomena conform certainly to the mathematical rule. From the theory Physics perspective, 750 gev this number...... was really heavy, must know the higgs particle also 125 gev. Perhaps you think that you discovered a new granule, but in my opinion it is just the two-photon signal, even has not possibly collided to happen.” 严师兄叹了口气说:“我知道你的研究方向是数学物理,但我不得不提醒你,数学虽说是研究理论物理的重要工具,但并不是所有物理现象都一定符合数学规律。从理论物理学的角度来讲,750gev这个数字……实在是太重了,要知道希格斯粒子也才125gev而已。也许你认为你发现了个新的粒子,但在我看来它只不过是个双光子信号,甚至可能根本就没有碰撞发生。” Patted the shoulder of Lu Zhou, Senior Brother strict continued saying that „do not intertwine again the 10 gev later energy region, what our times seeking was the penta-quark state granules. If because of the obsession, you can feel relieved, in the experiment of a while, you definitely cannot see the 750 gev phenomenon again.” 拍了拍陆舟的肩膀,严师兄继续说道,“别再纠结10gev以后的能区了,我们这次寻找的是五夸克态粒子。如果是因为强迫症的话,你可以放心,一会儿的实验中,你肯定再也看不到750gev的现象。”
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