How if the electrical energy doesn't have the weaken to be able in the transmission process? 如果电能在传输过程中没有衰减会怎样？ How if a computer does have the running rate and perfect precision of exponential order can? 如果一台计算机具有指数级的运行速度和完美的精度又会怎样？ About this issue, Professor Duncan Haldane had given a standard reply. And in 2016 autumn, this Physics and another two companions, because „discovered that the material the analysis situs transition and analysis situs” won this year Nobel Physics prize! 关于这个问题,邓肯・霍尔丹教授曾经给过一个标准的回答。并且在2016年的秋天,这位物理学家和另外两名同伴,因为“发现物质的拓扑相变和拓扑相”而获得了本年的诺贝尔物理学奖！ Simply speaking, they through the rigorous experiment, discovered even the microscopic material of smallest scale, can still show the macroscopic nature, and has the analysis situs. 简单来说,他们通过严谨的实验,发现即使是最小规模的微观物质,也可以展现出宏观性质,并且具有拓扑相。 This sounds is somewhat difficult to understand, wants to understand, has to understand analysis situs concept. 这听起来有些难懂,想要弄懂,就不得不理解拓扑这个概念。 What is well-known, the mathematician regards the way of issue often and average person is not quite same, they are often accustomed to penetrating the phenomenon look at the essence. But the analysis situs is such a division/discipline, it studies continuously also is the Geometry graph or the space after changes the shape can maintain some invariable natures. 众所周知的是,数学家看待问题的方式往往和一般人不太一样,他们往往习惯于透过现象看本质。而拓扑便是这么一门学科,它研究的便是几何图形或空间在连续改变形状后还能保持不变的一些性质。 The most classical example indicated, to an analysis situs scientist, the donut seems like with the coffee cup is the same, because they have a hole. 一个最经典的例子表示,对于一名拓扑学家而言,甜甜圈和咖啡杯看起来都是一样的,因为它们都拥有一个洞。 Because only then a hole, you can turn into a coffee cup through a smooth deformation process the donut, in turn is also same......, even if this will look like possibly some will be in people's eyes unreadable, will be bewildered, because of this mathematics method, the scholars of other domains had discovered many interesting things in fact. 因为只有一个洞,你可以通过一个平滑的形变过程将甜甜圈变成一个咖啡杯,反过来也是一样……即便这在一般人眼中看来可能会有些难以理解,甚至于莫名其妙,但事实上因为这一数学方法,已经其他领域的学者发现了不少有趣的东西。 Especially in the physical domain and material domain, the fantastic discovery from the method of analysis situs, provided the rationale in the 80's. 尤其是在物理领域和材料领域,八十年代许多惊人的发现都是源自于拓扑学的方法,提供了理论基础。 Always, although people are accustomed to apply the analysis situs in solving the problem of macrocosm, actually regarding analysis situs whether can be used to the electronic and photon kind of subatomic particle cannot find way out. 只是一直以来,人们虽然习惯于将拓扑学应用于解决宏观世界的问题,却对于拓扑学是否可以被用于对电子、光子这类亚原子粒子而一筹莫展。 Because they come under the influence of quantum Physics unusual rule, causes its size and position even is the shape is the uncertain condition. 因为它们都受到量子物理学奇特规律的影响,导致其大小、位置甚至是形态都处在不确定的状态。 However 16 years of Nobel Physics prizes actually gave an affirmative answer to this proposition. 然而16年的诺贝尔物理学奖却对这一命题给出了一个肯定的答复。 Even the subatoms of these microcosms, still conform to the analysis situs characteristics! 即使是这些微观世界的亚原子,也是符合拓扑学特性的！ This theory has no effect regarding the daily life obviously, but regarding the electronic engineering domain, truly opened the front door of new world! 这一理论对于日常生活显然没有任何影响,但对于电子工程领域而言,确实推开了新世界的大门！ In the marvelous quantum world, these natures display to have the astonishing stabilities and some remarkable characteristics in some special stage of material. And the most typical example is the topological insulator. 在奇妙的量子世界中,这些性质在物质的某种特殊阶段表现出具有惊人的稳定性和一些显著的特性。其中最典型的例子就是拓扑绝缘体。 Especially in the characteristics that in the graphene material discovers, directly caused the sg-1 superconducting material, and birth of carbon base chip. 尤其是在石墨烯材料中发现的这一特性,直接导致了sg-1超导材料、以及碳基芯片的诞生。 But at the same time, this nature is promoting the research of quantum computation similarly. 而与此同时,这一性质同样推动着量子计算的研究。 According to the principle of quantum computer, it mainly can be at the nature of different condition through the subatomic particle simultaneously, information storage in a Tongsori named quantum bit ( qubit ). Also because of this characteristics, the quantum computer compares the traditional computer, can solve the problem at the speed of exponential order. 根据量子计算机的原理,其主要是通过亚原子粒子可以同时处在不同状态的这一性质,将信息存储在一个叫量子位(qubit)的东西里。也正是因为这一特性,量子计算机相比起传统电脑,能以指数级的速度解决问题。 However the issue is, the subatomic particle of stored datum very frail, is different from the stable atom, even the slight perturbation may still change its condition. 然而问题就在于,存储数据的亚原子粒子非常的脆弱,和稳定的原子不同,即使是轻微的扰动也有可能改变它所处的状态。 Also is in the quantum mechanics so-called „decoherence” the influence of any environment possibly causes Qubit's collapsing of entangled state! 也就是量子力学中所谓的“退相干”任何环境的影响都可能导致量子比特的纠缠态的坍塌！ To solve the problem, or noise reduction, either anti-jamming, or both on together, which technological line adopts, must make the subatomic particle stabilize to be good. 想要解决问题,要么降噪,要么抗干扰,亦或者两者一起上,无论是采取哪一条技术路线,都必须得让亚原子粒子稳定下来才行。 But this, is one of the quantum computer research and development core difficult problems. 而这,也是量子计算机研发的核心难题之一。 Also was Lu Zhou for serveral days continuously the topic that studied...... 同时也是陆舟这些天来一直在研究的课题…… Jinling Higher Research institute, underground three laboratories. 金陵高等研究院,地下三层的实验室。 Served as in the spatial room in spare sample chamber, at this moment was being filled up by an equipment of big pile of new purchases. 原本被用作备用样品室的空房间里,此刻正被一大堆新购置的设备填满。 Including multipurpose natural measurement system and stepmeter and vibrating sample magnetometer and high low temperature magneto-resistance reflectoscope reflector, as well as home position freeze dryer wait, although is not the lineup the luxury, but can also be said as the house sparrow, although slightly was fully equipped. 这其中包括多功能物性测量系统、台阶仪、振动样品磁强计、高低温磁电阻测试仪、以及原位冷冻干燥机等等,虽然算不上阵容的豪华,但也可以说是麻雀虽小五脏俱全了。 Moreover, besides these regarding studying carbon material essential equipment, the most high accuracy may reach 8 microns photo-curing 3D printer, is mainly used for the plastic mold that prints the experiment to need to use. 另外,除了这些对于研究碳材料而言必不可少的设备之外,还有一台最高精度可达八微米的光固化3d打印机,主要用来打印实验需要用到的塑料模具。 Admitted in a thin film of thumb size the DC-magnetron sputtering atomic shell deposition equipment cautiously, Lu Zhou carefully is comparing the data on experiment form, established the new experimental parameter on the computer. 将一枚拇指大小的薄膜小心翼翼地放进了磁控溅射原子层沉积设备中,陆舟仔细地对照着实验表格上的数据,在电脑上设置了新的实验参数。 Completed all these work, he who finally relaxes, knocked the button of carriage return on the keyboard. 做完了所有的这一切工作,终于松了口气的他,在键盘上敲下了回车的按钮。 The green signal light shines, the equipment in laboratory starts to revolve. 绿色的信号灯亮起,实验室里的设备开始运转。 Carried the coffee to return to nearby office chair to sit down, Lu Zhou looked at a watch, is just thinking killed a while bored time with anything, at this time Xiao Ai controlled the unmanned aerial vehicle to shake from side to flee leisurely. 端着咖啡回到了旁边的办公椅上坐下,陆舟看了一眼手表,正想着用什么东西打发一会儿无聊的时间,这时小艾控制着无人机从旁边晃悠悠地窜了过来。 Xiao Ai: 【Master master! In flash! In an ultra pleasantly surprised matter! Phi( ≧ ≦ *)?】 小艾:【主人主人！就在刚才的一瞬间！发生了一件超惊喜的事情！φ(≧≦*)?】 The in the air focus of line of sight in small television first half meter/rice, Lu Zhou lifted the lower lid, some accidents/surprises said. 视线在小电视前半米的空中聚焦,陆舟抬了下眼皮,有些意外地说道。 „Did you promote?” “你升级了？” Xiao Ai: 【? Did you know?! SIGMA( 小艾:【诶？你都知道了？！Σ( …… …… …… …… …… …… Lu Zhou: „......” 陆舟:“……” This fellow promoted or degrades...... 这家伙到底是升级了还是降级了…… Sighed in the heart, Lu Zhou has not paid attention to it, closed the eye to enter in the system space. 在心中叹了口气,陆舟没有理会它,闭上眼睛进入了系统空间中。 The branch science and technology as the branch of system task, the experience accumulation and information science experience of artificial intelligence is the synchronization. Rises in the rank of Xiao Ai to the lv4 instance, his information science rank also promoted lv5 from lv4. 分支科技作为系统任务的支线,人工智能的经验累积和信息学经验是同步的。就在小艾的等级升到lv4的瞬间,他的信息学等级也从lv4提升到了lv5。 But instance of promotion, without entering the system space, can still see the dialog box prompt...... 而升级的瞬间,即使是没有进入系统空间,也是能看到对话框提示的…… 【......】 【……】 【G. information science: lv 5( 0 / 300,000)】 【g.信息学:lv五(0/30万)】 Confirmed property panel after a change, Lu Zhou touches the chin looking pensive. 确认了一遍变更之后的属性面板,陆舟若有所思地摸了摸下巴。 Such that really just like he speculates, through to the observations of player's various behaviors in the virtual reality world, can accelerate the accumulation of progress bar. In other words, experience that in fact the artificial intelligence branch needs, is actually a sociological experience? 果然正如他推测的那样,通过对玩家在虚拟现实世界中各种行为的观察,可以加速进度条的积累。也就是说,事实上人工智能分支需要的经验,其实是一种社会学经验？ However, now Lu Zhou does not have too many thoughts to place on Xiao Ai actually, after entering the system space to look an own property panel also had the progress bar of branch science and technology, will then consciousness to return in the real world. 不过,现在陆舟倒是没有太多的心思放在小艾身上,进了系统空间只是看了一眼自己的属性面板还有分支科技的进度条之后,便将意识转回到了现实世界中。 Opens the eyes, saw only that to stare at the small television of four-rotor to shake for quite a while in his front. 睁开双眼,只见那盯着四旋翼的小电视已经在他的面前晃了半天。 Xiao Ai: 【Didn't the master master, praise one boasts Xiao Ai?( * / \ *)】 小艾:【主人主人,不夸一夸小艾吗？(*/\*)】 Lu Zhou: „Un, does attractively.” 陆舟:“嗯,干得漂亮。” Xiao Ai: 【Is good to be perfunctory! qaq】 小艾:【好敷衍！qaq】 „...... The time was up probably.” “……时间好像差不多了。” Pretended not to see the dialog box on small television, Lu Zhou to look down time on watch, thought aloud that whispered. 装作没有看见小电视上的对话框,陆舟低头看了一眼手表上的时间,自言自语地嘀咕了一句。 As if verified his these words to be the same, on the instrument of not far away, the signal light jumped the red from the green. 仿佛是印证了他的这句话一样,不远处的仪器上,信号灯从绿色跳到了红色。 Sees that Lu Zhou orders immediately. 见状,陆舟立刻下令道。 „Xiao Ai, turns on the home position freeze dryer.” “小艾,打开原位冷冻干燥机。” Xiao Ai: 【 Receives!( 小艾:【收到！( …… …… …… …… Although does not prefer extremely, but Xiao Ai acted accordingly obedient. 虽然极其不情愿,但小艾还是听话地照办了。 Does not know that is his misconception, always felt that this kid's response as if more and more was getting more and more sentimental...... or in other words, looks like the person more and more? 只是不知道是不是他的错觉,总感觉这小家伙的反应似乎越来越情绪化了……或者换句话说,越来越像人？ Is Lu Zhou cannot reach an agreement this good matter, 陆舟也说不好这到底是不是一件好事儿, In the final analysis, the processing mode and human brain of the artificial intelligence to the information is completely two sets of entirely different rule, by logical decision mood, but another is controlled the logic by the mood. 说到底,人工智能对信息的处理方式和人脑完全是两套截然不同的规则,一个是由逻辑决定情绪,而另一个则是由情绪支配逻辑。 Perhaps will its existence be born a brand-new species also perhaps? 也许它的存在会就此诞生一个全新的物种也说不定？ Naturally, now said these also too early. 当然,现在说这些还太早了。 As its „guardian”, Lu Zhou also can only say that completely arrives at own responsibility, walked one step to look at one step. 身为它的“监护人”,陆舟也只能说尽到自己的责任,走一步看一步了。 At least on the current performance, the little fellow is quite clever obedient, is playing the role of young assistant in the life in the research, is the passive obedience does not sell at a discount to his order. 至少就目前的表现来看,小家伙还是相当乖巧听话的,无论是在生活上还是在研究中都扮演着小助手的角色,对他的命令也是绝对服从不打折扣。 Was own worry also somewhat as if unnecessary? 自己的担心似乎也有些多余了？ With the help of Xiao Ai, Lu Zhou the sample from the DC-magnetron sputtering atomic shell deposition equipment, shifted on the home position freeze dryer, conducted freezing and drying processing to the carbon base chip sample, then conducted to the chip of this thin membrane with the aid of the metallogiphic microscope carefully observed, and experimental data record in nearby book. 在小艾的帮助下,陆舟将样品从磁控溅射原子层沉积设备,转移到了原位冷冻干燥机上,对碳基芯片样品进行了冻干处理,接着借助金相显微镜对这一层薄膜状的芯片进行了仔细地观察,并且将实验数据记录在一旁的本子上。 Now his General points has more than 30,000, according to pricetag that the system asks, wants to exchange quantum computer technical requirement 120,000 General points of complete set. 现在他的积分有三万多,根据系统开出的价码,想要兑换全套的量子计算机技术需要十二万的积分。 However in fact, in this estimate value actually contained many moisture contents. 然而事实上,这个估值中其实是包含了许多水分的。 If analyzes the issue, in these by academic circle solution the foundation of issue, had been proposed the issue that has not solved, consumption General points can reduce five times to continue! 如果将问题拆分,在那些已经被学术界解决的问题的基础上,提出未解决的问题,消耗的积分可以削减五倍不止！ So far, he has spent 20,000 General points, is used to attack and capture in the research several essential bottlenecks, but the remaining parts are he unify themselves to the understanding of carbon material, Mott insulator and Majorana fermion, through consulting the research results of some predecessors, some promoted work that and completes based on this. 到目前为止,他已经花费了两万点积分,用来攻克研究中几个关键的瓶颈,而剩下的部分都是他结合自己对碳材料、莫特绝缘体、马约拉纳费米子的了解,通过查阅一些前人的研究成果,并在此基础上完成的一些推广性工作。 For example, contains to have the topological insulator carbon material of Majorana fermion, as well as without affecting Majorana fermion stable, superimposed a superconductor level of single atom width above. 比如,包含有马约拉纳费米子的拓扑绝缘体碳材料,以及在不影响马约拉纳费米子稳定性的前提下,在上面叠加了一层单原子宽度的超导体层。 In this special analysis situs in the material, the subatom can be protected. 在这种特殊的拓扑相材料中,亚原子可以得到保护。 In other words, in Qubit that this analysis situs under forms, not because some small or the partial disturbance changes. It is stabler than the general quantum bit, can make our quantum computations to more precise and a more efficient way, processes the issue of answer we want to obtain. 换而言之,在这种拓扑相之下形成的量子比特,不会因为一些小的或者局部的干扰而发生改变。它远比一般量子位更加稳定,可以让我们的量子计算以更精确、更高效的方式,处理我们想得到的答案的问题。 These work at least were Lu Zhou save ten ten thousand General points to continue. 这些工作至少为陆舟节约了十万积分不止。 Also these work, enable him to have the opportunity to use General points on blade. 也正是这些工作,才使得他有机会将积分用在刀刃上。 This was also „knowledge is strength” this saying one manifests. 这也算是“知识就是力量”这话的一种体现了。 Completed all the last steps of test work cautiously, Lu Zhou a translucent graphene piece of thin as cicada wing, placed on the prepared electric circuit mold. 小心翼翼地完成了所有试验工作的最后一步,陆舟将一层薄如蝉翼的半透明石墨烯片,放在了事先准备好的电路模具上。 Looks like looking at carefully a perfect artware, on his face showed the heartfelt smiling face. 就像是在端详着一件完美的艺术品,他的脸上露出了由衷的笑容。 „Various detect properties tally expected.” “各项性能检测符合预期。” „Appearance is also impeccable, may be called perfect!” “卖相也无可挑剔,堪称完美！” „...... Really Majorana fermion is the most perfect choice of manufacture quantum computer!” “……果然马约拉纳费米子是制造量子计算机的最完美选择！” Remaining, was confirmation these days effort, two ten thousand General points that he spent, were worth. 剩下的,就是验证这些天来的努力,还有他花费掉的两万积分,是否值得了。 Pressed down the button of circular telegram, the heart of Lu Zhou almost mentioned the throat. 按下了通电的按钮,陆舟的心脏几乎提到了嗓子眼。 Almost is flash's matter. 几乎是一瞬间的事情。 Presses down the same time of button in him, in advance established the good procedure/program to complete the operation on this thin film. Transmits the display monitor through logic circuit the signal of processing and output, presented one line of character clear characters on the display monitor quickly 就在他按下按钮的同一时间,预先设定好的程序在这张薄膜上完成了运行。通过逻辑电路处理并输出的信号传达到显示屏,很快在显示屏上呈现出了一行字清晰的字符 【Helloworld】 【helloworld】 Looks character that on the screen beats, Lu Zhou heart suddenly one happy, the fist pinched tightly stubbornly, has almost not jumped excitedly. 看着屏幕上跳动的字符,陆舟心头骤然一喜,拳头死死地捏紧了,激动地差点没蹦起来。