Brought that schematic diagram, Chief Engineer king to leave the star Stellarator research institute, on the same day then returned to nuclear industry group general headquarters situated in going to the capital, and relates expert who in the academy of engineering made the magnetohydrodynamics power generation direction, application in the Controlled Nuclear Fusion installment started the discussion on the magnetohydrodynamics power generation feasibility of technology. 带着那张草图,王总工程师离开了star仿星器研究所,当天便返回了位于上京的核工业集团总部,并且联系了工程院里做磁流体发电方向的专家,就磁流体发电技术在可控聚变装置上应用的可行性展开了讨论。 However, walked, but the work team of nuclear industry group although led still stayed in Jinling, is exchanging on the technical issue with the researchers of star Stellarator research institute unceasingly. 不过,虽说带队的走了,但核工业集团的工作小组依然留在金陵这边,和star仿星器研究所的研究员就技术上的问题不断交流着。 Meanwhile, experiment of star installment, has not stopped there. 与此同时,star装置的实验,也没有就此停下。 After obtaining sufficient funding guarantee, the research institute was almost luxurious to then conducted an experiment every three days, used the hydrogen and helium respectively as the object of study, is observing the complex physical property of plasma in Stellarator. 在得到了充足的经费保障之后,研究所几乎奢侈到了每隔三天便进行一次实验,以氢气、氦气分别为研究对象,观测着等离子体在仿星器中的各种复杂的物理性质。 Even, to collect the valuable data, Lu Zhou even ordered to pour into the 1 mg precious deuterium to the response / tritium mixture, braved to damage the first wall material the risk to conduct one time to try to ignite. 甚至于,为了收集宝贵的数据,陆舟甚至下令向反应室内注入了1mg宝贵的氘/氚混合物,冒着损伤第一壁材料的风险进行了一次试点火。 In fact, this experiment truly caused certain damage to the star installment, but in category that well in the damage still in may restore. However even so, the entire stage installment can not shutdown one month. 事实上,这次实验确实对star装置造成了一定的损伤,但好在损伤仍然在可修复的范畴内。不过即便是如此,整台装置也不得停堆检修一个月的时间。 Naturally, although price not poor, but the return is also quite rich. 当然了,虽然代价不菲,但回报也是相当丰厚的。 They not only validate the feasibility that this/should technical idea realized the fusion reaction ignition, but also obtained one to be carried the neutron beam of 14 mev energy has been shelling the lithium thin slice. 他们不但验证了该技术思路实现聚变反应点火的可行性,还得到了一块被携带着14mev能量的中子束轰击过的锂薄片。 Especially the latter, its scientific research value is unable to convert with money. 尤其是后者,其科研价值更是无法用金钱来换算。 Internally, probably also only then their here, can do such luxurious experiment. 在国内,大概也只有他们这里,能做这么奢侈的实验了。 At this moment, this hard-won lithium sheet metal is lying down in peacefully after the lack of oxygen slide of special handling, by putting on the staff of exposure suit laid aside under the SEM observed. 此时此刻,这枚来之不易的锂金属薄片正安静地躺在经过特殊处理的无氧玻片中,由穿着防护服的工作人员放置在了扫描电镜下观察。 Isolates in outdoor laboratory, stands Lu Zhou and other numerous researchers in front of computer, saw from the screen acquired the data and picture from the SEM. 隔离室外的实验室内,站在电脑前的陆舟等一众研究人员,从屏幕上看到了从扫描电镜上采集到的数据和图片。 Just as they expected such, the neat metal surface, at this moment is tattered and torn. 正如他们所预料中的那样,原本规整的金属表面,此刻已是千疮百孔。 Through the examination of FT-IR spectrometer, in that curving passageway, even can observe the helium and tritium element residual trace. 通过红外光谱仪的检测,在那弯弯曲曲的孔道中,甚至可以观测到氦、氚元素残留的痕迹。 What is cause for happiness is, this explained the neutron beam that is carrying the 14 mev energy truly had the response with 63 li, they successfully recycled part of tritium elements in the experiment. 值得高兴的是,这说明了携带着14mev能量的中子束确实与63li发生了反应,他们在实验中成功回收了一部分的氚元素。 What as for is helpless is...... 至于令人无奈的是…… The issue that they face was really many, cannot say in a few words. 他们面对的问题实在是太多了,三言两语根本说不完。 Looks at the image in computer screen, Professor Lee Chang-ha sighed gently. 看电脑屏幕中的图像,李昌夏教授轻轻叹了口气。 „I will make a bet, this gadget bumps to break to pieces gently.” “我敢打赌,这玩意儿轻轻碰一下就会碎掉。” „Does not need to make a bet, even had not been rumbled by the neutron beam, this gadget is still far solid.” Stares in the computer screen steadily these hard-won data, Lu Zhou is speaking thoughtlessly to say. “不用打赌,就算没被中子束轰过,这玩意儿也谈不上有多结实。”目不转睛地盯着电脑屏幕中那些来之不易的数据,陆舟随口说道。 hold Xianfu shakes the head: „Not only the issue of irradiation damage, producing the TBR also was really low. Moreover most essential issue also not in recycling. The energy that the neutron beam carries is too high, often is not and superficial 63 li has the response, but scurries about in the interior of blanket material, even produced the tritium that we needed usually still to stay in the interior of material, could not put.” 盛宪富摇了摇头:“不只是辐照损伤的问题,产氚增殖比也实在是太低了。而且最关键的问题还不是在回收本身上。中子束携带的能量太高,往往不是和表面的63li发生反应,而是在包层材料的内部乱窜,就算生成了我们需要的氚素也被留在了材料的内部,根本放不出来。” Is carrying the neutron of 14 mev energy like a shell, collapses at the first blow like the toy in its front all metallic bonds. 携带着14mev能量的中子就像一颗炮弹,在它的面前一切金属键都像玩具一样不堪一击。 And, penetrates the neutron of first wall also not only to hit a hole on the first wall is so simple, it in the interior of first wall material will form the cavity like the air flush ball, eventually causes first wall material overall swelling and embrittlement, even is the superficial material falls off, thus causes the serious incident. 并且,穿透第一壁的中子还不仅仅只是在第一壁上打个孔那么简单,它会像吹气球一样在第一壁材料的内部形成空腔,最终导致第一壁材料整体的肿胀、脆化、甚至是表面材料脱落,从而造成严重事故。 But this is also the fission reactor blanket material, is unable to attain one of the primary causes in the fusion reactor using directly. 而这也是裂变反应堆包层材料,无法直接拿到聚变堆中使用的主要原因之一。 Both material in the standard of anti-irradiation damage, missed the entire two magnitudes. 两者材料在抗辐照损伤的标准上,差了整整两个数量级。 Until now, their research had entered the unknown domain, but this also means, did not have the experience of predecessor to be for reference again. How then should do, how to solve these problems, must depend upon them to ponder. 到现在为止,他们的研究已经进入了未知的领域,而这也意味着,再也没有前人的经验可供参考了。接下来该怎么做,怎么解决这些问题,全得依靠他们自己去思考。 Thought a moment later, Professor Lee Chang-ha tries to propose: „How does structural material change to the molybdenum?” 思索了片刻之后,李昌夏教授试着提议道:“结构材料改用钼怎么样？” „Molybdenum is not good,” flash then denied this proposition, Lu Zhou shook the head saying that „the thermal stability of molybdenum was good, but will evolve to turn into the radioactive element under the neutron exposure.” “钼不行,”一瞬间便否定了这个提议,陆舟摇头道,“钼的耐热性能不错,但在中子辐照下会嬗变成放射性元素。” Another researcher continues to propose: „Tungsten? The thermal stability of tungsten is good, the transmutational product is the osmium and rhenium, does not have the radioactive problem!” 另一名研究员继续提议道:“钨呢？钨的耐热性能不错,嬗变产物是锇和铼,不存在放射性问题！” This time did not need Lu Zhou to open the mouth, Professor Lee Chang-ha shakes the head, „platitudes issue. The thermal stability of tungsten does not have the problem, but the plasticity is too bad. The thermal load will cause the material surface cracking...... I, when the diii-d laboratory visits study, there has the report topic, specifically discussed this issue. In brief, with the tungsten is impossible.” 这次都不用陆舟开口了,李昌夏教授摇了摇头,“老生常谈的问题了。钨的耐热性是没毛病,但塑性太差。热应力会导致材料表面开裂……我在diii-d实验室访学的时候,那里有个报告专题,专门讨论了这个问题。总之,用钨是不可能的。” In the laboratory fell into again silent. 实验室里再次陷入了沉默。 At this time, has been staring in the screen steadily Lu Zhou of data, suddenly opened the mouth. 这时候,一直目不转睛地盯着屏幕中数据的陆舟,忽然开口了。 „If unable to keep off the neutron beam in inside, why we did not consider that puts them?” “如果无法将中子束挡在里面,我们为什么不考虑把它们放过去？” „Puts?” hold Xianfu gawked slightly, immediately shakes the head with a smile, „how put us also to recycle the neutron that the response produced?” “放过去？”盛宪富微微愣了下,随即笑着摇了摇头,“放过去了我们还如何回收反应产生的中子？” Recycles neutron that in the dt fusion reaction produces, is the key part in entire fusion reactor technology, after all the price of tritium resources is several tens of thousands times of deuterium continues, not only sells by to subdue|grams, one gram cost is to reach as high as 30000 US dollars( 17 years of data). 回收dt聚变反应中产生的中子,是整个核聚变反应堆技术中的关键部分,毕竟氚资源的价格是氘的数万倍不止,不但论克卖,一克的成本更是高达30000美元(17年数据)。 If cannot recycle the neutron of response production, not only will cause massive energy losses, because the tritium drains to cause reactor „shutdown”. 如果不能回收反应生成的中子,不但会造成大量的能量损失,更会因为氚流失而导致反应堆“停堆”。 In fusion reactor ideally, the tritium or the neutron, should be intermediary product one thing to preserve, waste material that finally produces only then helium as well as heat. 在理想情况下的聚变堆中,无论是氚还是中子,都是应该做为中间产物一样的东西保存下来的,最终产生的废料只有氦气以及热量。 Therefore, bleeds off the neutron is impossible to bleed off, said that anything must keep it. 所以,将中子放走是不可能放走的,说什么也得把它留下来。 Hears hold Xianfu this asking back, Lu Zhou smiles lightly , to continue to say. 听到盛宪富这句反问,陆舟淡淡笑了笑,继续说道。 „Lets off them, is not equal to bleeding off them. How theoretically regardless of we design the structure of first wall, destruction of unavoidable neutron beam to metallic bond. But the self- repair capability of metal is too bad, evolution issue that existence is hard to solve.” “放过它们,不等于将它们放走。理论上无论我们怎么设计第一壁的结构,都无法避免中子束对金属键的破坏。而偏偏金属的自我修复能力太差,更存在着难以解决的嬗变问题。” „Therefore, why not we establish to permit the neutron the first wall through, and self- repair capability strong material, uses the liquid 63 lithium to recycle the neutron in the rear area of first wall again. As for another side of 63 lithium, with an acupuncture needle metal gable, for reflecting the penetration fluid lithium level has not had the response the neutron.” “因此,我们何不将第一壁设置成允许中子通过、且自我修复能力较强的材料,再在第一壁的后方用液态63锂回收中子。至于63锂的另一侧,则用一层铍金属包覆,用于反射穿透液锂层而未发生反应的中子。” This design is equivalent to the liquid lithium clamps between the first wall and acupuncture needle. 这种设计就相当于将液态锂夹在第一壁和铍之间。 hold Xianfu lowered the head to think deeply about a while, thought that this method seemed like feasible, but where always felt existing problem. 盛宪富低着头思索了一会儿,觉得这个方法似乎是可行的,但总觉着哪里都存在问题。 Thought some little time, he issue that from can think, picked up most obvious two to raise. 想了好一会儿,他从所能想到的问题中,挑出最明显的两个提了出来。 „The permission neutron that but you said through, where and should the self- repair capability strong material get up to look? Even if transfers to the first wall material after the lithium material, we are still not able to solve the damage of neutron radiation to structural material. Moreover , the recycling tritium element after the first wall, how we should transport in the reactor it from the back of first wall as you said?” “可是你说的这种允许中子通过、且自我修复能力较强的材料该上哪找去？即便将锂材料移到第一壁材料之后,我们依然无法解决中子辐射对结构材料的损伤。而且,就如你所说的,在第一壁之后回收氚素,我们又该如何将它从第一壁的背后搬运回反应堆中？” Heard these two issues, Lu Zhou smiles lightly: „The second issue is not difficult to solve actually, under the operating temperature of fluid lithium, the tritium element or the helium usually exist in the gaseous state form, and both do not dissolve.” 听到这两个问题,陆舟淡淡笑了笑说:“第二个问题其实不难解决,在液锂的工作温度下,无论是氚素还是氦素都以气态形式存在,并且两者是互不相溶的。” „We only need to exert a weak upward direction to the entire fluid lithium neutron recovery system the strength, can usually transport the tritium of production to the above of overall system.” “我们只需要对整个液锂中子回收系统施加一个微弱的向上方向的力,就可以将生成的氚素搬运到整个系统的上方。” „Then, we only need again in the above of overall system, to discharging ‚gas’ conducted the recycling on the line.” “再然后,我们只需要在整个系统的上方,对排出的‘气体’进行回收就行了。” Tritium of production with as the helium of exhaust gas, then pours into responded that indoor heats up the ionization. How as to discharge from the reactor the helium, this was the work of divertor. 生成的氚与作为废气的氦,则重新注入反应室内加热电离。至于如何将氦气从反应堆中排出,这就是偏滤器的工作了。 As for is selects the water cooling divertor or the tungsten copper divertors or other divertors, this looked when the time comes again concrete needs to choose to be then good. Although part of technologies key, difficulty that but is unable to solve. 至于是选用水冷偏滤器还是钨铜偏滤器或者其他偏滤器,这个到时候再看具体的需要进行选择便好。这一部分的技术虽然关键,但并非是无法解决的难点。 At this point, Lu Zhou, continued saying that „as for the first issue that you said that such material could not find in the alloy. Therefore, we entire abandoned simply the metal!” 说到这里,陆舟顿了顿,继续说道,“至于你说的第一个问题,这样的材料在合金中是找不到的。所以,我们干脆把金属整个抛弃掉好了！” In hearing instance of these words, not only proposed that hold Xianfu of issue, including Professor Lee Chang-ha, everyone in laboratory was shocked. 在听到这句话的瞬间,不只是提出问题的盛宪富,包括李昌夏教授在内,实验室内的所有人都愣住了。 Abandons the metallic material? 抛弃金属材料？ This...... 这…… This also too vanguard? 这也太前卫了点吧？ „Doesn't structural material use the metal?” Professor Lee Chang-ha the surprise looks at Lu Zhou, „what does that use?” “结构材料不用金属？”李昌夏教授诧异地看着陆舟,“那用什么？” With ceramics? 难道用陶瓷？ Although there is a research institute such trial, the effect also assembles, what is fatal, the thermal conductivity of ceramics was really bad. 虽然有研究所这么试过,效果也还凑合,但致命的是,陶瓷的导热性能实在是太差了。 If unable producing the heat carries off from the reactor, finally will have problems. 如果无法将产生的热量从反应堆中带走,最终还是会出问题。 „With the carbon,” stopped the moment, Lu Zhou said with the affirmative tone, „or accurately, with C filament composite!” “用碳,”停顿了片刻,陆舟用肯定的语气说道,“或者说得更准确点,用碳纤维复合材料！” This to is not Lu Zhou arises suddenly the way that the fantasy finds to come out, before then he had pondered is very long, even most when the spiral stone 7-x research institute and Professor Crepeaux chatted, he then had is considering. 这到不是陆舟突发奇想想出来的办法,在此之前他已经思考了很久,甚至于最早在螺旋石7-x研究所与克雷伯教授闲谈的时候,他便有在考虑了。 The carbon nuclear stabilizes relatively, not easy to have the response with the neutron, and can play the role to neutron beam certain cushion, when causes the neutron beam when with the fluid lithium level contact, is insufficient most neutron beams directly its puncture. 碳核相对稳定,不易与中子发生反应,并且可以起到对中子束一定缓冲的作用,使得中子束在与液锂层接触时,不至于大多数中子束都直接将其击穿。 But by that part of energies that the carbon fibrous layer reduces, will then emit in the form of thermal energy, but is relying on it good thermal conductivity, the heat that can also produce the reactor in very much with ease derives. 而被碳纤维层减少的那一部分能量,则会以热能的形式放出,而凭借着其本身良好的导热性能,也能很轻松地将反应堆内部产生的热量导出。 As for thermal stability, absolutely does not have the issue. 至于耐热性能,也完全没问题。 Without the contact air and oxidant, the carbon fiber reinforced plastics can endure over 3000 degrees high temperatures, can compare favorably with the melting point of tungsten, fully meets the need of first wall material! 在不接触空气和氧化剂时,碳纤维材料能够耐受3000度以上的高温,可以与钨的熔点媲美,完全符合第一壁材料的需要！ Observed the situation people in laboratory, Lu Zhou said: „Rejects from the first wall the low activation metallic material completely, changes to the carbon fiber as the first wall material and primary structure material, in the intermediate level backfill fluid lithium, the outer layer uses the acupuncture needle gable, the reflected neutron. The shielding layer uses the paraffin wax and water and boron carbide mixture, and by nuclear power cement gable. Then, issue of our completely hopeful solution tritium accumulation!” 环视了一眼实验室内的众人,陆舟开口说道:“将低活化金属材料从第一壁完全剔除,改用碳纤维作为第一壁材料以及主要结构材料,在中间层充填液锂,外层用铍包覆,反射中子。屏蔽层用石蜡和水以及碳化硼混合物,并由核电水泥包覆。如此一来,我们完全有希望解决氚滞留的问题！” What C filament composite as for selecting, how to solve the self-healing problem of C filament composite, this topic will be responsible for studying by the material research institute of Jinling Higher Research institute. 至于选用什么样的碳纤维复合材料,如何解决碳纤维复合材料的自修复问题,这个课题会由金陵高等研究院的材料研究所负责研究。 Although the issue is very difficult, but Lu Zhou hopeful solution! 虽然问题很严峻,但陆舟有希望解决！ Professor Lee Chang-ha cannot bear say: „This also too......” 李昌夏教授忍不住道:“这也太……” What he wants to say was this is also too unthinkable. 他想说的是这也太匪夷所思了。 But these words saying half, was broken by hold Xianfu. 但这句话才说道一半,便被盛宪富打断了。 „No, said that does not permit...... to do that is really hopeful!” “不,说不准……这么做还真有希望！” Interrupted the Professor Li words, hold Xianfu is rubbing the chin with the index finger unceasingly, the appearance in eye even more bright. 打断了李教授的话,盛宪富用食指不断地摩擦着下巴,眼中的神采愈发地明亮。 „I have consulted the related literature, replaces some Austenite steel and tungsten steel structures with the carbon fiber, in the international Controlled Nuclear Fusion domain is one with the technological line that the nanoceramics is favored similarly!” “我查阅过相关的文献,用碳纤维代替部分奥氏体钢和钨钢结构,在国际可控聚变领域是一条和纳米陶瓷同样被看好的技术路线！” „Replaces the metallic material with the C filament composite completely, as the main body of structural material, as well as after will decelerate the neutron beam puts the blanket material flank and fluid lithium responded,...... these I also heard through the transporting for the first of time function again actually the tritium element recycling in fluid lithium.” “不过用碳纤维复合材料完全取代金属材料,作为结构材料的主体,以及将减速后的中子束放到包层材料外侧与液锂反应,再通过搬运作用将液锂中的氚素回收……这些我还倒是第一次听说。” Difficulty is perhaps big, moreover is not only only C filament composite's issue. For example in the control of temperature. The carbon fiber reinforced plastics operating temperature of first wall about 3000 degrees, but the boiling point of lithium metal is only 1340 degrees. 这其中的难度恐怕不小,而且还不仅仅只是碳纤维复合材料本身的问题。比如在温度的控制上。第一壁的碳纤维材料工作温度在3000度左右,而锂金属的沸点只有1340度。 If unable to carry off the heat promptly, entire „fluid lithium neutron recovery system” fluid lithium has the gasified risk, light is involved in the reactor with the tritium helium mixture of response production together, heavy even possible to blast the entire reactor...... 如果无法将热量及时带走,整个“液锂中子回收系统”中的液锂就存在被气化的风险,轻则与反应生成的氚氦混合物一同卷入反应堆中,重则甚至可能将整个反应堆炸掉…… When shutdown issue of change in volume the fluid lithium solidification brings...... 还有停堆时液锂凝固带来的体积变化的问题…… Such that but just like Lu Zhou said that this mentality seems like feasible. 但正如陆舟所说的那样,这条思路似乎是可行的。 At least, is worth trying! 至少,值得一试！ …… …… ( Yesterday went out to select material,) (昨天外出取材去了,) https: https: Talent one second remembers the home station address:..: m. 天才一秒记住本站地址:.。:m.