SATS :: Volume #4

#388: Proof of Collatz conjecture


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Heard that praise, Vera's corners of the mouth curl upwards are wiping the happy curve. 听到了那声赞美,薇拉的嘴角翘着一抹开心的弧度。 To her, this without doubt is the world's most praise of pleasant to hear. 对于她而言,这无疑是世界上最好听的赞美。 Stands in Lu Zhou side, she said in a soft voice. 站在陆舟的旁边,她轻声说道。 Your guess is correct, Collatz conjecture is a number discusses the issue, is a complex analysis issue......” “您的猜测是正确的,角谷猜想是一个数论问题,同时也是一个复分析问题……” In 1994, l.berg and g.meinardus then proved 3 n + 1 suspects equally in functional equation h ( z3 ) = h ( z ^ 6 ) + \ { h ( z2) + λ h( λz2) + λ 2 h( λ2z2) } / 3 z( in which λ = e ^( 2 π i / 3)) Does the analytic function solution in unit disc \ { z : | z | < 1 } assume h ( z) = h 0 + h 1 z /( 1? z) form.( H0 and h2 are duplicate/restores constant) 早在1994年,l.berg和g.meinardus便证明了3n+1猜想等价于函数方程h(z3)=h(z^6)+\{h(z2)+λh(λz2)+λ2h(λ2z2)}/3z(其中λ=e^(2πi/3))在单位圆盘\{z:|z|<1}中的解析函数解呈h(z)=h0+h1z/(一?z)形式。(h0和h2为复常数) But on this foundation, Schleicher ( d.schleicher ) and the others proved in 1998 any integral function h ( z ) does cause g ( z) = z / 2 +( 1? Cosπz) ( z + 1 / 2 ) / 2 + 1 / π( 1 / 2? Cosπz) sinπz + h ( z ) sin 2 π z satisfies: n? PHI ( g ). 而在此基础之上,施莱歇(d.schleicher)等人又于1998年证明了任何整函数h(z)均使得g(z)=z/2+(一?cosπz)(z+1/2)/2+1/π(1/2?cosπz)sinπz+h(z)sin2πz满足:n?Φ(g)。 Based on these two conclusions, Vera through constructing one ingeniously exceeds the integral function, proved has integral function h ( z ), causes regarding the above conclusion in g ( z ) and PHI ( g ) each branch D that contains some positive integer, has z0 ∈ d, making \ { g ^ ok ( z0 ) } ∞ / k = 1 restrain to 1. 基于这两条结论,薇拉通过构造了一个巧妙的超越整函数,证明了存在整函数h(z),使得对于上述结论中g(z)、Φ(g)的每一个包含某正整数的分支d,均存在z0∈d,使得\{g^ok(z0)}∞/k=1收敛到一。 From this is not difficult to promote, Collatz conjecture establishment! 由此不难推出,角谷猜想成立! Very excellent proof......” on face has happily the smiling face, Lu Zhou from the heart saying that made me surprised splendidly.” “非常出色的证明……”脸上带着欣慰地笑容,陆舟发自内心地说道,“出色的令我惊讶。” From 19 16 summer, by the present is 17 the end of the year. 从16年的夏天,到现在已经是17年年末。 He sees very much happily, own student grew. 他很高兴地看见,自己的学生成长了起来。 Also sees very much happily, oneself for additive theory of numbers issue construction group construction law theory, has not halted in the Goldbach's conjecture, not only, obtained the inheritance on own student. 也很高兴地看见,自己为加性数论问题构建的“群构法”理论,并没有止步于哥德巴赫猜想,不只是如此,更是在自己的学生身上得到了传承。 He somewhat realizes now actually, system description joyful, is actually what kind of sentiment. 他现在倒是有些体会到了,系统描绘的“喜悦”,究竟是一种怎样的感情。 „...... Was lucky your direction.” Bent the curved spit corner/horn, Vera is saying modestly, in the eye full is grateful. “……多亏了您的指点。”弯了弯嘴角,薇拉谦虚地说着,眼中满是感激。 Although the process is she is completed, but the entire proof line is actually Lu Zhou provides. 过程虽然是她完成的,但整个证明思路却是陆舟提供的。 From her at the beginning of the year the periodic result at Berkeley Branch school public lecture, cooperated to complete the final proof to the present and Qin Yue, Hardy, all work revolved in this mentality proceed. 从她年初在伯克利分校报告会上的阶段性成果,到现在和秦岳、哈迪两人合作完成最终的证明,所有的工作都围绕在这条思路上进行。 Arrives at final her, was clear compared with anybody, these obscure work, actually important. 一路走到最后的她,比任何人都清楚,这些默默无闻的工作,究竟有多重要。 Lu Zhou smiles: Does not need to be modest, what I provide is only the direction, running up to the end point is you.” 陆舟笑了笑:“不必谦虚,我提供的只是方向,跑到终点是你。” Stopped the moment, he continues saying: „...... About this paper, I suggested that you submit a piece of writing in «Math Yearly journal» on, but the people in editorial department were on leave for these days, you can first hang the paper on arxiv...... do not say certainly, " Math Yearly journal » editor will give up the remaining vacations for you.” 停顿了片刻,他继续说道:“……关于这篇论文,我建议你投稿在《数学年刊》上,不过这几天编辑部的人都在休假,你可以先将论文挂在arxiv上……说不准,《数学年刊》的编辑会为你放弃剩下的假期。” Hangs the paper on arxiv can play as the pre- printed book occupies the function of pit, words that even if not hang actually still indifferent, Collatz conjecture when 80, the 90's is very popular, but puts now is not the popular research direction, hits the pit probability is almost zero. 将论文挂在arxiv上作为预印本可以起到占坑的作用,不过就算不挂的话其实也无所谓,角谷猜想在80、90年代的时候很热门,但放到现在并不是什么热门的研究方向,撞坑的几率几乎为零。 Reason that put forward this proposal, Lu Zhou naturally also a little own selfishness in inside. 之所以提出这个建议,陆舟当然也有一点自己的私心在里面。 According to him when the inference that solving the Goldbach's conjecture makes, the system regarding the duty completes the principle of determination, takes the paper public time as the benchmark. 根据他在解决哥德巴赫猜想时作出的推断,系统对于任务完成判定的原则,是以论文公开的时间为基准。 So long as hangs the paper on arxiv, can be the duty completes. 所以只要将论文挂在arxiv上,就可以算是任务完成了。 Listened to the Lu Zhou words, Vera nods earnestly. 听完了陆舟的话,薇拉认真地点了点头。 I knew, I do immediately.” “我知道了,我马上就去做。” Lu Zhou smiles: That this, on the mathematical formula as for blackboard, I helped you wipe off...... the gifts thank you.” 陆舟笑了笑:“那就这样吧,至于黑板上的算式,我就帮你擦掉好了……谢谢你们的礼物。” Heard this praise, on Vera's face showed the happy smiling face. 听到了这句表扬,薇拉的脸上露出了开心的笑容。 After a while, she lowers the head suddenly, the cheeks slightly cannot observe red. 过了一会儿,她忽然低下了头,脸颊微不可察地红了一下。 Professor.” “教授。” Lu Zhou: What's wrong?” 陆舟:“怎么了?” In the heart had the courage gradually, she raised the head, looks to Lu Zhou. 心中渐渐鼓起了勇气,她抬起头,看向了陆舟 „Can I...... make a vow to look to you?” “我……能向你许个愿望吗?” I am not Santa Claus, possibly has no way to place in the sock of your nightstand the thing that you want.” Lu Zhou cracks a joke, stopped the moment , to continue saying that „, but, so long as is not violates the matter of principle, moreover is I can achieve, I will definitely help you.” “我不是圣诞老人,可能没法把你想要的东西放在你床头柜的袜子里。”陆舟开了个玩笑,停顿了片刻,继续说道,“不过,只要不是什么违反原则的事情,而且是我能做到的,我肯定会帮你。” I......” “我……” Vera just opened the small mouth. 薇拉刚刚张开了小嘴。 However at this moment, she realized suddenly, oneself intention may become the puzzle to other party. 然而就在这时,她忽然间意识到,自己的心意可能会对他造成困扰。 That almost arrived at the words of mouth, does not know how to say. 那几乎到了嘴边的话,不知怎么地就说不出口了。 I...... want to study for your doctor.” “我……想读您的博士。” Gawked slightly, Lu Zhou is saying with a smile immediately, welcome! If rather, you suddenly want to change a teacher, instead will let me very disappointed.” 微微愣了下,陆舟随即笑着道,“欢迎!倒不如说,你要是突然想换个导师,反而会让我很受打击。” Obtained some comforts from these words, Vera somewhat smiles weakly. 从这句话中得到了些许安慰,薇拉有些软弱地笑了笑。 Regarding own does not make every effort to succeed, she sighing silently in heart. 对于自己的不争气,她在心中默默的叹了口气。 Although present already two years ago had the courage...... 虽然现在的自己已经比两年前更有勇气了…… But, really insufficient? 但,果然还是不够吗? ...... …… Played one in Institute for Advanced Study insanely all day, Lu Zhou leads the student and colleague gives own small gift, the interest is waning returned to the home. 在普林斯顿高等研究院疯玩了一整天,陆舟带着学生和同事送自己的小礼物,意兴阑珊地返回了家中。 The gift is not expensive, not over 30 US dollars small gift, but light in value, is valued in the friendship. 礼物并不贵重,都是不超过30美元的小礼物,但轻在价值,贵在情义。 Gives to the students as for him, is his world attended the academic conference the time, from conference sponsor there acquired fountain pen. 至于他送给学生们的,则是他满世界参加学术会议的时候,从会议赞助商那里收集到的钢笔。 These gifts are not also expensive, but was actually full of the commemorative significance. 这些礼物同样不算贵重,但却充满了纪念意义。 After these gifts put away, Lu Zhou sits on the fireplace sofa, closes the eyes to meditate a system, consciousness to sink to the system space. 将这些礼物放好之后,陆舟坐在了壁炉旁的沙发上,闭上双眼默念一声系统,将意识沉入了系统空间中。 Before arriving at the translucent total information panels, two lines of transparent writing appear in his front. 走到了半透明的全息面板前,两行透明的文字浮现在他的面前。 A. Research On the Even Coherent States of Q-Deformed Harmonic Oscillator in Finite-Dimensional Hilbert Space. Students: Wei Wen. Student participation: 25%. Experience type: Math and physics.】 【a.“关于有限维希尔伯特空间q-畸变谐振子偶相干态的研究”。学生:魏文。学生参与度:25%。经验类型:数学、物理。】 B. Collatz conjecture topic. Students: Vera, Qin Yue, Hardy. Student participation: 70%. Experience type: Math.】 【b.角谷猜想课题。学生:薇拉、秦岳、哈迪。学生参与度:70%。经验类型:数学。】 Before he goes home, Vera will then have reorganized the good paper, on passed to arxiv, satisfied the condition of system determination. Therefore clause about Collatz conjecture, was landed in the task list. 在他回家之前,薇拉便将早就已经整理好的论文,上传到了arxiv上,满足了系统判定的条件。因此关于角谷猜想的条目,也被登陆在了任务列表上。 Although does not know how the system determines which people are own student, but has to say it determines is very accurate. 虽然不知道系统是如何判定哪些人是自己的学生,但不得不说它判定的还挺准确的。 Not only so, it even can also them the participation proportion in entire work, the numerical calculate. 不只是如此,它甚至还能将他们在整个工作中的参与度比重,数值化地计算出来。 „Is this choice question?” “这是一道选择题吗?” Looks at the two options on screen, the both arms surround in chest front Lu Zhou, thought aloud looking pensive the sentence. 看着屏幕上的两个选项,双臂环抱在胸前的陆舟,若有所思地自言自语了句。 According to the system to the description of duty, he can choose a paper to submit the duty. 按照系统对任务的描述,他可以选择一篇论文提交任务。 According to the topic contains the academic value determination reward experience total amount of proposition, is multiplied by the student participation the coefficient addition, calculates finally the empirical value. 根据课题所包含命题的学术价值确定奖励经验总额,然后再乘以学生参与度的系数加成,计算出最终经验值。 Actually can see from the design of duty, the system is to hope him trains many can complete the research work independently study the tyrant, therefore requests him to avoid directly participating in the topic in the duty vigorously. 其实从任务的设计上就能看出,系统是希望他培养更多能够独立完成研究工作的学霸,所以要求他在任务中极力避免直接参与课题。 In fact, Lu Zhou also has is avoiding doing that. 事实上,陆舟也有在避免这么做。 However now looks like, even if he avoids directly they providing the help to Vera vigorously, the system achieved 30% to his contribution determination. 不过现在看来,即使是他极力避免直接对薇拉她们提供帮助,系统对他的贡献判定还是达到了30%。 Because in most starts, he formulated the explicit research direction for them, and frame of entire research approach. 因为在最开始,他为他们制定了明确的研究方向,以及整个研究思路的框架。 But they, follows his mentality, completed the final proof. 而他们,也正是顺着他的思路,才完成了最终的证明。 Originally Lu Zhou also a little anticipated that the system possibly neglects this, but looks like itself to want now purely. 本来陆舟还有点期待系统可能忽略掉这点,但现在看来自己纯粹是想多了。 Really is loopholes has not exploited to me.” “还真是一点空子都不给我钻。” Looks at the translucent total information panels, Lu Zhou shakes the head reluctantly. 看着半透明的全息面板,陆舟无奈地摇了摇头。 Has not said anything again, he put out a hand to select B, and in dialog box that shot in later, clicks button that the confirmation submitted. 没有再都说什么,他伸手选中了“b”,并且在之后弹出来的对话框中,点击了确认提交的按钮。 The quick, pale blue ray has swept from the total information screens, one line springs just like the dream-like large character. 很快,淡蓝色的光芒从全息屏幕上扫过,一行宛如梦幻般的大字弹出。 Congratulates the host, completes the task!】 【恭喜宿主,完成任务!】
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