The influence of agricultural crisis, not only limits in continental Europe, the Americas cannot escape. 农业危机的影响,不仅仅是局限在欧洲大陆,美洲也没有能够逃过一劫。 The European grain price falls suddenly, naturally has the capitalist to transport to sell the grain, the American grain price was also hit. 欧洲粮食价格暴跌,自然有资本家把粮食运出去售卖,美洲粮食价格也被打了下来。 The development of shipping technology, reduced the marine transportation cost, the 10 thousand-ton ocean shipping ship became a lot. Under this east wind, the grain that the Austria advantage dumps, but also travelled to distant lands to enter the Japanese market. 航运技术的发展,降低了海运成本,万吨级的远洋运输船变得多了起来。在这股东风之下,奥地利倾销出去的粮食,还远渡重洋进入了日本市场。 Naturally, this is only while convenient, sends the grain to go to Japan to sell specially, the profit was too low, everyone did not have this leisurely mood. 当然,这只是顺带的,专门运送粮食去日本卖,利润还是太低了,大家还没有这份儿闲心。 In recent years by the influence of Meiji Restoration, the mechanical device number that Japan always Europe imports is increased, the trade becomes more prosperous. 受明治维新的影响,最近几年日本从来欧洲进口的机械设备数量大增,贸易往来变得更加繁荣。 Earliest is born in Austria benefits ten thousand tons transport ship, while reducing freight transportation cost, an awkward issue- cargo often cannot pack. 最早诞生于奥地利万吨运输船,在降低货运成本的同时,还有一个尴尬的问题-货物时常装不满。 This issue cannot baffle the capitalists, bringing a little local product to fill up the warehouse, the mosquito again slightly is also the meat, cannot waste. 这个问题难不倒资本家们,带一点儿土特产就可以填满仓库,蚊子再小也是肉,不能够浪费了。 The summons of Vienna government made many a little affect, various was big to want the grain exporter to announce the production cut, many effects do not know. 维也纳政府的号召令多少还是有点儿作用的,各大出要粮食出口国都宣布减产,有多少效果就不知道了。 Instead looks like in Franz, the measure that various countries take everywhere is the loophole, can press the capacity, depends entirely on the self-consciousness of farmers. 反正在弗朗茨看来,各国采取的措施处处都是漏洞,能不能把产能压下来,全靠农民的自觉性。 The fall harvest just passed, a big wave new grain goes on the market, the international grain price continues to start to fall. The capitalists knew fiercely, fell everyone to be finished again. 秋收刚过,一大波新粮上市,国际粮食价格继续开始下跌。资本家们知道厉害了,再这么跌下去大家都要完蛋。 In order to maintain the grain price is stable, the capitalists unite the big agricultural lord, starts to exert pressure on the government. By the end of 1872, the European overwhelming majority countries raised the agricultural import tariff. 为了维持粮食价格稳定,资本家们联合大农主,开始向政府施压。截止到1872年末,欧洲绝大部分国家都提高农产品进口关税。 These measures also by far insufficient, for the stabilization of market price, the capitalists have to endure suffering to destroy some agricultural products. 这些措施还远远不够,为了稳定市场价格,资本家们不得不忍痛销毁部分农产品。 The grain importer is good, in the tariff, destroyed part of surplus agricultural products again, the market quickly restored stably. 粮食进口国还好,关税上上去了,再销毁掉一部分过剩的农产品,市场很快就恢复了稳定。 Merely maintains „stable”, wanting the grain price to restore to the normal level, still in one single day cannot achieve. 仅仅只是保持“稳定”,想要粮食价格恢复到正常水平,仍然不是一朝一夕可以做到的。 The grain exporter was miserable, except for unsalable unsalable. The trade dispute that in this year continental Europe erupts, are more than sum total of over the past five years adding. 粮食出口国就惨了,除了滞销还是滞销。这一年欧洲大陆爆发的贸易争端,比过去五年加起来的总和都要多。 And loss most serious naturally is the suddenly Austria four countries. In order to ease the crisis, in October 1872, the Vienna government announced that purchases 2.7 million tons wheat, 4.8 million tons rye, 3.8 million tons corn, 1.9 million tons soybean to conduct the strategic reserve. 其中损失最为惨重的自然是俄奥普波四国。为了缓解危机,1872年10月份,维也纳政府宣布收购270万吨小麦、480万吨黑麦、380万吨玉米、190万吨大豆进行战略储备。 Naturally this has the supplemental condition, the agricultural product of this purchase is only restricted in the new grain that the native place produces, according to lowest grain price subsidy price purchase of governmental regulation. 当然这是有附加条件的,本次收购的农产品仅限于本土出产的新粮,按照政府规定的最低粮食价格保护价收购。 First is keeps in stock, now starts to restore to keep in stock, does not have any problem. Was been exciting by this good news, Austria benefitted the grain price of home market to stand firm finally. 先是去库存,现在又开始恢复库存,没有任何毛病。受这一利好消息刺激,奥地利本土市场的粮食价格终于稳住了。 The international grain market still did not have the improvement, now the grain is not the issue of price, but was the market is saturated, many grain importers suspended the grain import. 国际粮食市场仍然没有起色,现在已经粮食不是价格的问题,而是市场已经饱和了,很多粮食进口国都暂停了粮食进口。 Saw that the Vienna government purchase grain acted as the strategic reserve, the Junker aristocrats could not sit still, jumped to supply ideas in abundance, requesting the Prussia government to increase the grain strategic reserve. 看到维也纳政府收购粮食充当战略储备,容克贵族们也坐不住了,纷纷跳出来出谋划策,要求普鲁士政府增加粮食战略储备。 In the Berlin royal palace, the conference about this issue has started. To increasing grain strategic reserve, William I have no opinion, the only issue is the Prussia government does not have money. 柏林王宫中,关于这个问题的会议已经开始。对增加粮食战略储备,威廉一世没有任何意见,唯一的问题是普鲁士政府没钱。 Austria benefits the money of purchase grain, front dumps the stock grain to trade. Initially computation slightly, such if the amount is counted twice, the Vienna government compensated over a million tons grain for this reason. 奥地利收购粮食的钱,还是前面倾销库存粮食换来的。初略的计算一下,这么一进一出,维也纳政府为此赔上了上百万吨粮食。 Loses many specifically, this calculates very much difficultly, but must consider the price difference of new grain and old grain, as well as before then, the cost of Vienna government purchase grain reserves. 具体损失多少,这很难进行计算,还必须要考虑到新粮和旧粮的差价,以及在此之前,维也纳政府收购储备粮的成本。 „Prime minister, how do you see?” “首相,你怎么看？” The Moltke pressure increases, side is government that withered wallet, side is the interest of Junker aristocrat, this makes him very awkward. Slightly hesitant , the reality helped him make the decision. 毛奇压力大增,一面是政府那干瘪的钱包,一面是容克贵族的利益,这让他非常的为难。略加犹豫过后,现实还是帮他做出了决定。 „ Your majesty, the Prussia war does not know when will erupt, how long this war will continue, no one can guarantee, increases the strategic grain reserves is necessary. “陛下,普俄战争不知道在什么时候就会爆发,这次战争会持续多长时间,没有人能够保证,增加战略粮食储备非常的有必要。 Now the government finance does not have money, wants to increase the strategic reserve, this at least needs over a hundred million Mark, has far exceeded our bearing capacity. 只是现在政府财政没钱,想要增加战略储备,这至少需要上亿马克,已经远远超出了我们的承受能力。 If the farmer can accept the buy on credit, we can swallow some grain, but when can pay this fund, the government does not have the means to guarantee. ” 如果农民可以接受赊欠的话,我们可以吃进一部分粮食,不过什么时候能够支付这笔款项,政府没有办法保证。” This answer keeps the person from refuting, is not the government is not willing to increase the strategic reserve, the issue is the government does not have money to buy. 这个答案让人无从反驳,不是政府不愿意增加战略储备,问题是政府没钱买。 Wants the government to collect the grain, that writes the bad check, which day of government waited to have money, without money that to owe. 要政府收粮可以,那就是打白条,等哪天政府有钱了就还,一直没钱那就一直欠下去。 From the class interest, the Moltke words made many people discontented. Could not find the reason of rebuttal, said the smallpox rottenly to fall, the government does not have money. 从阶级利益上来说,毛奇的话还是令很多人不满。只是找不到反驳的理由,说得天花烂坠,政府还是没钱。 „Prime minister, does is not perhaps good. The planter grain also has the cost, the government at least needs to pay the cost, perhaps will otherwise have many farmers to go bankrupt.” “首相,这么干恐怕不行。种植粮食也是有成本的,政府至少要支付成本,不然恐怕会有很多农民会破产。” Agriculture minister Melanne Griffith quickly persuaded, if really wrote the bad check, he may not have the means to confess to the Junker aristocrats. 农业大臣梅拉尼-格里菲思急忙劝说道,要是真的打白条,他可没有办法向容克贵族们交代。 Moltke shrugged, made the wanting to help but unable expression, both hands one. 毛奇耸了耸肩,做出了爱莫能助的表情,双手一摊。 „ Where does money come? Our finance has been very tight, even if the present grain price is cheap, so long as each ton rye the less than 100 Mark can buy, 1 million tons that is still 100 million Mark. “钱从哪里来？我们财政一直都很紧张,就算现在的粮食价格非常便宜,每吨黑麦只要不到100马克就能够买到,一百万吨那也是一亿马克。 So long as your Ministry of Agriculture can solve money the issue, receiving many are not the issue, I ensure the government no one will oppose. ” 只要你们农业部能够解决钱的问题,收多少都不是问题,我保证政府没有任何人会反对。” The Prussia kingdom is heavily in debt, the domestic financial circle does not have the ability to provide the loan to the government, wants to continue from the outside world to lend money, must betray the national interest. 普鲁士王国早就债台高筑,国内的金融界没有能力向政府提供贷款,想要继续从外界借钱,又必须要出卖国家利益。 This type suggested that who dares saying that must first consider, can go out by the patriotic youth is killed by stealth. 这种建议谁敢提出来,就要先考虑一下,会不会出门被爱国青年打黑枪。 This year Prussia kingdom is also flooding naive delinquent, these people are the safeguards of Prussia army battle efficiency, similarly is also the indefinite tense bomb of Prussia kingdom. 这年头普鲁士王国也充斥着中二少年,这些人是普鲁士军队战斗力的保障,同样也是普鲁士王国的不定时炸弹。 Melanne Griffith did not have exactly enough, does not want to become the target of patriotic youth, matter that this doing dies, he may not be competent. 梅拉尼-格里菲思还没有活够,不想成为爱国青年的目标,这种作死的事情,他是不可能干的。 „Sorry, prime minister. This is not my operating region, you must ask Ministry of Finance. If the government is unable to stabilize the grain price, then formulation more positive agricultural policy always?” “抱歉,首相阁下。这不是我的工作范围,你要问财政部。如果政府无法稳定粮价,那么制定更加积极农业政策总可以吧？” Moltke: „Naturally! So long as with money irrelevant, other issue we can solve with every effort.” 毛奇:“当然！只要和钱无关,别的问题我们都可以尽力解决。” Melanie Griffith: „That it would be the best.” 梅拉尼・格里菲思:“那最好不过了。” Had Melanne Griffith of preparation to put out a document early, walked to go forward to give William I. 早有准备的梅拉尼-格里菲思拿出了一份文件,走上前递给了威廉一世。 „Your majesty, this is Ministry of Agriculture about reducing the plan of grain capacity, we learned/studied the Austria altruistic experience, prepares to implement «Land Fallow Law».” “陛下,这是农业部关于削减粮食产能的计划,我们学习了奥地利人的经验,准备实施《土地休耕法》。” This proposition made the people be startled, before then the Berlin government has discussed this issue, Ministry of Agriculture that because the Junker aristocrat controlled strongly opposed, finally died without a sickness. 这个提议令众人大吃一惊,在此之前柏林政府就讨论过这个问题,只是因为容克贵族控制的农业部强烈反对,最后才无疾而终的。 Initially slightly took a fast look around a document gloomy, William I complexion. Similarly is the land fallow law, Prussia this land fallow law may want undisguised many. 初略扫视了一遍文件,威廉一世脸色阴沉了下来。同样是土地休耕法,普鲁士这部土地休耕法可要露骨的多。 Superficially the issue is not big, the careful research will find, many issues had had by unclear one, the analysis will find slightly, this is only considering the interests of Junker aristocrat. 表面上看问题不大,仔细研究就会发现,很多问题都被含糊不清的一笔带过,稍加分析就会发现,这只是在考虑容克贵族的利益。 The aristocrats land are many, even if promulgates the severe land fallow law, they still have enough land to take turns the cultivation, land-holding peasant who land that the true benefit is damaged is insufficient. 贵族们土地多,就算是出台严厉的土地休耕法,他们也有足够的土地轮换着耕种,真正利益受损的还是土地不足的自耕农。 According to this above stipulation, because of the advent of crop rotation technology, reduced the land fallow time, just after several days the ordinary peasant of auspicious day, must have bad luck immediately. 按照这上面的规定,因为轮作技术的出现,减少了土地休耕时间,刚刚过了几天好日子的普通农民,马上又要倒霉了。 If really implemented, the new round land annexation will perform in Prussia, lots of land-holding peasants will therefore go bankrupt. 真要是实施了,新一轮的土地兼并就会在普鲁士上演,大量的自耕农都会因此而破产。 „Melanie Griffith, you determined that this above content suits the reality, Ministry of Agriculture had not considered consequence that does that?” “梅拉尼・格里菲思,你确定这上面的内容符合实际,农业部没有考虑过这么做的后果么？” Facing the interrogation of William I, Melanie Griffith is without turning a hair, self-possessed reply: „ Your majesty, after the agricultural crisis breaks out, the market will definitely conduct round superior win and inferior wash out the elimination series. 面对威廉一世的质问,梅拉尼・格里菲思面不改色,坦然自若的回答道:“陛下,农业危机爆发后,市场必然会进行一轮优胜劣汰的淘汰赛。 Regardless of we must implement «Land Fallow Law», the bankrupt tide can erupt. We take the measure on own initiative, but can also soon pass the crisis, so as to avoid involves more people. ” 无论我们要不要实施《土地休耕法》,破产潮都会爆发。我们主动采取措施,还可以早日度过危机,免得牵连到更多的人。” This is the quibble, is the fact. The land-holding peasants cannot compete with the large landed estate, is the inevitable result. According to the current situation, the grain price has crashed, the land-holding peasant most insisted that several years will go bankrupt because of be heavily in debt. 这是歪理,也是事实。自耕农竞争不过大农场主,是必然的结果的。按照目前的情况,粮食价格已经崩盘,自耕农最多坚持几年就会因为债台高筑而破产。 This is not the manpower can change, nothing but is the time issue of eruption. The Junker aristocrats change the mind to agree to reduce the capacity, besides preserving grain price, what are more is to conduct the land annexation, expands own family property. 这不是人力能够改变的,无非是爆发的时间问题。容克贵族们改变主意同意削减产能,除了保住粮食价格外,更多的还是想要进行土地兼并,扩大自己的家业。 Perhaps the average person thinks that now the grain price drops sharply, the land becomes not valuable, however grasped the Junker aristocrat of right, will not actually think so. 或许普通人会认为现在粮食价格大跌,土地变得不值钱了,然而掌握了权利的容克贵族,却不会这么看。 Population in growing, but the land does not have the means to grow continually. From this perspective, the price of grain will rise sooner or later. 人口是在不断增长的,而土地却没有办法持续增长下去。从这方面来看,粮食的价格早晚都会涨上去。 Even the international grain price is unable to restore, they can still through the revision rule, raise the domestic farm price artificially. 就算是国际粮食价格无法恢复,他们也可以通过修改规则,人为抬高国内的农产品价格。 The original space and time Second German Empire grain yield is insufficient, the Junker aristocrats dare to set the limiting condition, obstructs the external agricultural product to enter the domestic market, let alone is the present? 原时空德二帝国自身粮食产量不足,容克贵族们都敢设置限制条件,阻扰外来农产品进入国内市场,何况是现在呢？ The farmer bankruptcy is also capital Junker wants to see that they can obtain the cheap labor. So long as analyzes the benefit to know, this plan was unable to prevent in the Prussia kingdom. 农民破产也是资本容克想要看到的,他们可以获得更多廉价劳动力。只要分析一下利益就知道,这份计划在普鲁士王国已经无法阻挡。 ...... …… After the Prussia kingdom appears to annex meaning full «Land Fallow Law», various European countries soon start to strive to be the first to follow suit. 继普鲁士王国出台兼并意味十足的《土地休耕法》后,欧洲各国很快就开始争先效仿。 The large landed estate and big capitalist jointly promoted this time to carve up this grand feast, the agricultural production lord obtain more lands, the capitalists obtained the inexpensive labor force, what both sides coordinated was flawless. 大农场主和大资本家共同推动了这次瓜分这场盛宴,农产主获得更多的土地,资本家们获得了廉价的劳动力,双方配合的是天衣无缝。 Austria benefits cannot cultivate one's own moral worth, but blocks before them also «Forbids Land annexation Law». After this is in 1848 the Vienna revolution erupted, bill of Franz signing and issuing. 奥地利也没有能够独善其身,只不过拦在他们面前的还有一部《禁止土地兼并法》。这是1848年维也纳革命爆发后,弗朗茨签发的法案。 Above clearly stipulated: Forbids the scrap land to trade in private, can only sell to the local government according to the market price.( Specifically refers to being lower than 200 hectares land) 上面明确规定了:禁止小块土地私下交易,只能按市价卖给地方政府。(具体是指低于200公顷的土地) The agricultural lots of these recycling, the local government can only sell to the cultivated area is lower than 50 hectares farmer, or has the cultivated area less than 100 hectares veterans, as well as cultivated area less than 200 hectares military exploit aristocrats. 这些回收的农业用地,地方政府只能出售给耕地面积低于50公顷的农民,或者是拥有耕地面积不足100公顷的退役军人,以及耕地面积不足200公顷的军功贵族。 ( Note: After the purchase area is this upper limit, is unable to continue purchase) (备注:购买面积达到这个上限后,就无法继续购买) The lands of these purchases want to sell again, can only sell to the government, cannot direct and individual trades. 这些购买的土地想要再次出售,还是只能出售给政府,不能直接和个人进行交易。 Simple, is the young farm operator can buy, the large landed estates want to expand, can only purchase the area over 200 hectares farms. 简单的来说,就是小农场主可以买,大农场主们想要扩张,只能去收购面积在200公顷以上的农场。 From the perspective of productive force development, the small peasant economy was shattered inevitably, in the future the mainstream of agricultural production is a farm. 从生产力发展的角度来说,小农经济必然被冲垮,未来农业生产的主流就是农场。 This land annexation helps increase the agricultural competitiveness, Franz is naturally impossible to prevent, but he does not want to notice that the domestic agriculture was monopolized, therefore released this bill that limits the big aristocrats recklessly expansion. 这种土地兼并有助于增加农业竞争力,弗朗茨自然不可能阻止,但是他又不想看到国内农业被垄断,所以才出台了这部限制大贵族们肆意扩张的法案。 This law stipulated radically, in the Austria benefit for the nation over 80 farming were locked, can only circulate in the general public hand. 根本这部法律规定,奥地利国内超过80的耕地都被锁定了,只能在普通民众手中流通。 The aristocrats wanted more lands to go to the colony to be good, after native place, so long as the cultivated area exceeded 200 hectares, then wanted to expand can only buy from the large landed estate hand. 贵族想要更多的土地还是去殖民地好了,在本土只要耕地面积超过200公顷后,再想要扩张就只能从大农场主手中买了。