On October 7 , 1866, Sultan government submitted the ultimatum to Minister Russia, requesting the Russia person in 48 hours to hand over Constantinopolis, otherwise was the war. 1866年10月7日,苏丹政府向俄国公使递交了最后通牒,要求俄国人48小时内交出君士坦丁堡,否则就是战争。 This war diplomatic note, has not waited till for 48 hours, Tsarist Russia minister who receives the diplomatic note, direct reply: Then on war! 这份儿战争通牒,没有等到48小时,接到通牒的沙俄公使,直接回复:那就战争吧！ The Ottoman empire prepares for the sound is so big, how possibly to hide the truth from the Russia person? As the old enemy, the Tsar government has not relaxed the surveillance to the Ottoman empire. 奥斯曼帝国备战动静那么大,怎么可能瞒得过俄国人呢？作为宿敌,沙皇政府从来都没有放松过对奥斯曼帝国的监视。 The Russia Ministry of Foreign Affairs is also winning over the Ottoman person, however they cannot take the benefit, finally naturally is futile. 俄国外交部也在拉拢奥斯曼人,然而他们拿不出来利益,结果自然是徒劳无功。 Saw that Sultan government mobilizes, Alexander II knows that the war is inevitable. 看到苏丹政府进行动员,亚历山大二世就知道战争不可避免。 Opened the map to look determines. The choice of Ottoman empire are not many, peripheral altogether three neighbors. 打开地图一看就确定了。奥斯曼帝国的选择不多,周边一共三个邻居。 The geographical position decided Persia is not easy to hit, even if won did not have many perquisites, weak area Sultan government does not need to hit. 地理位置决定了波斯不好打,就算是打赢了也没有多少油水,鸡肋地区苏丹政府没有必要去打。 The Austria money pouch does not dare to hit, or cannot bump, bordered in Sinai Peninsula, but also was separated by the boundless desert. Takes the sea route to attack the Balkan Peninsula, has more desire than energy, the opportunity of landing does not have. 奥地利是不敢打,或者说是碰不着,接壤的就西奈半岛,还被茫茫沙漠隔开了。走海路进攻巴尔干半岛,心有余而力不足,登陆的机会都没有。 On the remaining Russia, in the Near East war Black Sea Fleet was annihilated, limited to the finance, so many years still has not restored. 就剩下俄罗斯了,近东战争中黑海舰队全军覆没,受限于财政,这么多年依然没有恢复过来。 Has UK , France to support, attacks Caucasus, attacks Constantinopolis. Must seal several hundred meters wide lock Str. of Bosporus is too easy, the direct coming ashore artillery can handle. 有英法支持,无论是进攻高加索地区,还是进攻君士坦丁堡都可以。要封几百米宽的锁博斯普鲁斯海峡太容易了,直接上岸炮就可以搞定。 The war excuse of Sultan government pains preparation, turned into the farce directly. 苏丹政府苦心准备的战争借口,直接变成了闹剧。 Constantinopolis had built up 80,000 Russian force, very soon is in the Balkan Peninsula the Russian force total military strength to reach as high as 150,000, relatively speaking Caucasus is the weak point. 君士坦丁堡已经集结了八万俄军,俄属巴尔干半岛上俄军总兵力已经高达十五万,相对而言高加索地区才是薄弱点。 both sides declared war, the weaponry must hit. This Ottoman person with great difficulty, had the absolute strength superiority, naturally must do one in a big way. 双方都宣战了,仗还是要打的。这次奥斯曼人好不容易,才有了绝对的兵力优势,自然要干一把大的。 St. Petersburg, received the news that the Ottoman person declared war, the brow of Alexander II wrinkles tightly. The enemies are getting more and more, this is not a good deed. 圣彼得堡,接到奥斯曼人宣战的消息,亚历山大二世的眉头皱得更紧了。敌人越来越多,这可不是一件好事。 War-making potential of Russian Empire, in fact started was similar, limited to the transportation and productive forces, this is the maximum military that they can deploy. 俄罗斯帝国的战争潜力,实际上已经发动的差不多了,受限于交通和生产力,这已经是他们所能动用的最大兵力。 The Eastern European 500,000-600,000 armies must die to knock with Allied armies, at present could not have seen to win the turning point of war, to guard against Sweden takes advantage, the Northern European area also deployed 50,000 armies. 东欧500,000-600,000军队要和普波联军死磕,目前还看不到赢得战争的契机,为了防范瑞典趁火打劫,北欧地区也部署了五万军队。 The Far East area also deployed 70,000-80,000 armies, the place that because rules is too broad, can invest *** the army are not many. 远东地区还部署了70,000-80,000军队,不过因为统治的地方太广,能够投入到***的军队并不多。 The Central Asia 300,000 Russian force are struggling hard with the enemy, or was being pressed hitting. This some armies basically recruit temporarily, can stand firm the front to be even good. 中亚地区三十万俄军正和敌人苦战,或者说是被人压着打。这部分军队基本上都是临时招募起来的,能够稳住战线就算不错了。 The Balkan Peninsula seems like the sufficient troops, in fact 150,000 Russian force are most also to defend Constantinopolis, the French sold to Austria to benefit the colony of Balkan luckily, otherwise they also want many potential enemies. 巴尔干半岛看似兵力充足,实际上十五万俄军最多也就防守住君士坦丁堡,幸好法国人把巴尔干的殖民地卖给了奥地利,不然他们还要多一个潜在敌人。 Caucasus must increase troops now, no one can guarantee that Sultan government does not use diversionary tactics, if threw Caucasus, then the enemy can kill the Volga river basin. 高加索地区现在也必须要增兵,谁也不能够保证苏丹政府不是声东击西,万一丢了高加索地区,那么敌人可以一路杀到伏尔加河流域。 The army is insufficient, this is the true feeling of Alexander II. 1 million Russian force struggle hard in the battlefield, to support this war, the domestic economy had come under the serious influence. 军队不够用了,这是亚历山大二世的真实感受。百万俄军都在战场上苦战,为了支撑这场战争,国内经济已经受到了严重影响。 Fighting the battle of attrition is most painful, is unable to put in more military, the human wave attack cannot display, this to the Russian force is really a serious challenge. 打消耗战是最痛苦的,无法投入更多的兵力,人海战术发挥不出来,这对俄军实在是一个严重的挑战。 What is worse was various European countries had seen clearly the actual situation of Russian Empire, the so-called 1 million Russian force were a joke, in any battlefield, the Tsar government is unable to invest 1 million armies. 更糟糕的是欧洲各国已经看清楚了俄罗斯帝国的虚实,所谓的百万俄军就是一个笑话,在任何一处战场上,沙皇政府都无法投入百万大军。 These changes also affected suddenly Austria to relate, Austria felt the union to be dispensable altruistic, the Russia person thought that the Austria Lexmark friends have not striven. 这些变化也影响到了俄奥关系,奥地利人觉得同盟可有可无,俄国人觉得奥地利盟友没有出力。 First Lord of the Treasury Kristanval said in a low voice: „ Your majesty, after the Ottoman war breaks out, our trade partners only have Austria to benefit. 财政大臣克里斯坦瓦尔低声说道:“陛下,和奥斯曼的战争爆发后,我们的贸易对象就只剩下奥地利了。 This year's financial revenue, perhaps will set for 30 years the record low, might also continuously drop next year. ” 今年的财政收入,恐怕会创下三十年来的最低记录,明年还有可能持续下降。” Such accident, making the First Lord of the Treasury really not have the energy to speak. Although responsibility not in them, but without money the issue fell to them on. 这样的变故,让财政大臣实在是没有底气说话。尽管责任不在他们,可是没钱了问题就落到他们身上。 Was good sent one because of before from the Jew, otherwise the Tsar government has gone bankrupt. Even so, Kristanval does not dare to relax vigilantly. 好在之前从犹太人身上发了一笔,不然沙皇政府早就破产了。即便是如此,克里斯坦瓦尔也不敢放松警惕。 This unexpected wealth is impossible to have daily, according to the current situation, how long them could not want to face the financial crisis. 这种横财不可能天天有,按照目前的情况,要不了多久他们又要面临财政危机了。 Alexander II indifferent asking of: „Low?” 亚历山大二世冷漠的问道:“会有多低？” „This year's financial revenue approximately will drop to 150 million rubles, if the war continues, next year may drop to 120 million rubles.” “今年的财政收入大约会下降到1.5亿卢布,如果战争持续下去,明年或许会下降到1.2亿卢布。” Sound of First Lord of the Treasury Kristanval reply getting smaller. Before must know the war breaks out, the financial revenue of Tsar government had broken through 300 million rubles, now cuts in two at the waist directly. 财政大臣克里斯坦瓦尔回答的声音越来越小。要知道战争爆发前,沙皇政府的财政收入已经突破了3亿卢布,现在直接腰斩。 The reality is so brutal, Russian Empire is also utterly isolated now, besides Arctic Ocean also security, from Eastern Europe to far Dongyi Road is the wars. 现实就是如此残酷,俄罗斯帝国现在也是四面楚歌,除了北冰洋还安全外,从东欧到远东一路都是战争。 The ultramarine trade withers suddenly, the huge profit that past the grain export brought, has not existed now. 海外贸易急剧萎缩,昔日粮食出口带来的巨额利润,现在已经不复存在。 Compared with the export trade young-lookingly, the import trade volume rapidly is actually growing. The Russia foreign trade settles accounts with gold and silver, this change makes the domestic gold and silver flow out massively. 与出口贸易较少相比,进口贸易额却在急剧增长。俄国的对外贸易都是用金银结算的,这种变化让国内的金银大量外流。 The evil consequence that the wealth outflow brings, responded quickly economically, the deflation has become the social concern that the Tsar government cannot avoid. 财富流失带来的恶果,很快反应到了经济上,通货紧缩已经成为了沙皇政府避不开的社会问题。 „It seems like Austria altruistic gained much.” “看来奥地利人又赚了不少。” A few words that Alexander II seemingly has no interest, have said completely the transformation of suddenly Austria relations. I have bad luck you to get rich, the good friend will relate will become estranged, rising will also be like the state relations. 亚历山大二世看似无心的一句话,已经道尽了俄奥关系的转变。我倒霉你发财,再好的朋友关系又会疏远,上升到国家关系中也一样。 No one meets these words, suddenly Austria in a friendly way is still the political correctness. Is jealous, envy, these cannot change Tsar unable to leave the fact that Austria benefits. 没有人接这句话,俄奥友好依然是政治正确。眼红也罢、嫉妒也罢,这些都改变不了沙皇离不开奥地利的事实。 ...... …… Alexander II has not spoken incorrectly, recently Austria benefitted truly gained. Because of the reason of war, Str. of Bosporus was blocked, Austria benefitted very naturally monopolized to the suddenly trade. 亚历山大二世没有说错,最近奥地利确实赚了很多。因为战争的缘故,博斯普鲁斯海峡被封锁,奥地利很自然的垄断了对俄贸易。 Sweden of Northern European area also slightly sent one, but their national strength is limited, the commodity that can exit|to speak are not many. 北欧地区的瑞典也小发了一笔,不过他们国力有限,能够出口的商品不多。 Besides to the suddenly trade, another advantage was Austria benefits the percentage in agriculture to enhance. The Russia person grain export, can only first sell to Austria to benefit now, then after processing completes, to sell in the international market. 除了对俄贸易外,另外一个好处就是奥地利在农产品市场上的占有率提高了。俄国人粮食出口,现在只能先卖给奥地利,然后加工完成后再销售到国际市场上。 This attacked a wave of competitor, purchased the Russia grain to conduct the precision work the enterprise, because now lacks the raw material, has to rush to purchase in the international market. 这又打击了一波竞争对手,原本购买俄国粮食进行精加工的企业,现在因为缺乏原材料,不得不在国际市场上抢购。 After the Russia person and Ottoman make war, in a short time bargain price in the international grain market rose ten points. This is only a start, so long as the supply-demand relation is not solved, the grain price still might steadily rise. 俄国人和奥斯曼开战后,短时间内国际粮食市场上的交易价格又上涨了十个点。这只是一个开始,只要供求关系不解决,粮食价格仍然有可能持续上涨。 In the mid-19 th century, the entire world half of population were at the hungry condition, every year had hundreds of thousands, is dies as for over a million people of the hunger. 19世纪中期,全世界有一半的人口都处于饥饿状态,每年都有数十万、乃至于上百万人死于饥饿。 Under this background, the European food shortage is not the short time can solve obviously. Raised the grain yield to say easily, the actual operation was very difficult. 这种背景下,欧洲粮食短缺显然不是短时间可以解决的。提高粮食产量说起来容易,实际操作起来却很难。 The land major colonial empires do not lack, the issue is to open up wasteland early period of the planter grain to invest big, the market return is not very high. 土地各大殖民帝国是不缺的,问题是要开荒种植粮食前期投入不小,市场回报率又不够高。 If meets the food harvest, will have greatly possibly rottenly in the place. Was not everyone does not need the grain, in the major problem many people could not afford the grain. 要是遇到粮食丰收,有很大可能会烂在地里。不是大家不需要粮食了,更大的问题上很多人买不起粮食。 This age has the market purchasing power, only then various European countries, other area is self-sufficient, cannot the self sufficient place, that only be able to starve. 这个年代拥有市场购买力的只有欧洲各国,别的地区都是自给自足,不能够自足的地方,那就只能挨饿了。 The purchasing power limited the capacity, comes across the thunderbolt, the grain price naturally can present the short-term rise. Perhaps in everyone hand has the reserve, but the capitalist must make money, the ultra-high grain price is also one of the methods. 购买力限制了产能,遇到突发事件,粮食价格自然会出现短期上涨。或许大家手中有储备,但是资本家要赚钱,超高粮价也是手段之一。 The relations that these and Austria benefits are not big, no matter how the international grain price changes, as the world's largest grain exporter, the domestic grain price is very stable. 这些和奥地利的关系不大,不管国际粮食价格如何变化,作为世界第一大粮食出口国,国内的粮食价格都是非常稳定的。 As one of the beneficiaries, the Franz wallet roused. This could not have raised the Franz interest, at critical moment that the Industrial Revolution approaches, obviously is the emergent industry has „money way”. 作为受益者之一,弗朗茨的钱包又鼓了很多。这已经提不起弗朗茨的兴趣,在工业革命来临的关键时刻,显然是新兴产业更有“钱途”。 Foreign minister Wessenberg is frowning saying: „Your majesty, Minister Russia informs us, because of the reason of war, they must raise the tariff.” 外交大臣韦森贝格皱着眉头说道:“陛下,俄国公使通知我们,因为战争的缘故,他们要提高关税。” A Franz brow wrinkle, raises the tariff definitely to affect the volume of trade of two countries. But does the present Russian Empire really have the capital to raise the tariff? 弗朗茨眉头一皱,提高关税势必会影响到两国的贸易额。可是现在的俄罗斯帝国真的有资本提高关税么？ Did not make clear the plan of Tsar government, Franz is also disinclined to pay attention. 搞不清楚沙皇政府的打算,弗朗茨也懒得理会了。 „Perhaps our export commodities should also rise in prices!” “或许我们的出口商品也该涨价了！” You pay for whatever you get, the tariff rise causes the commodity price to rise, this is the normal commercial rule. 羊毛出在羊身上,关税上涨导致商品价格上涨,这是正常的商业规律。 Perhaps the tariff increased, can protect Russia certain industries. However the present is the wartime years, the two countries biggest trade commodity is the strategic resources. 或许关税增加了,可以保护俄国某些产业。然而现在是战争年代,两国最大的贸易商品是战略物资。 This belongs to, rises in prices the Tsar government also to accept. Now raises the tariff, didn't provide the excuse of price hike to the capitalists? 这属于必须品,涨价沙皇政府也必须要接受。现在提高关税,不是给资本家们提供了涨价的借口么？ This price hike scope, will exceed the tariff increase absolutely, Tsar government that finally suffers a loss. 这个涨价幅度,绝对会超过关税涨幅,最后吃亏的还是沙皇政府本身。 Franz can affirm, this decision definitely is not Alexander II makes. Obviously lifts a rock to drop it on one's own feet, Alexander II is not such fool. 弗朗茨敢肯定,这个决策肯定不是亚历山大二世做出的。明显搬起石头砸自己的脚,亚历山大二世可不是这样的傻子。 Either is the Tsar government finance has the problem, the bureaucrats turn to any doctor one can find when critically ill the stupid policy of formulation ; Either is the domestic capitalist promotes, attempts to get bigger interests. 要么是沙皇政府财政出现问题,官僚们病急乱投医制定的傻逼政策;要么就是国内资本家推动的,企图获得更大的利益。 The truth was covered, no one has thought that a feeling of Alexander II, making bureaucrats hand/subordinate initiate relates, made a stupid decision, thus finished the honeymoon of suddenly Austria two countries. 真相被掩盖了起来,谁也没有想到亚历山大二世的一句感慨,让手下的官僚们引发了联想,做出了一个傻逼决策,从而结束了俄奥两国的蜜月期。 If Alexander II knows, he will regret absolutely. 如果亚历山大二世知道的话,他绝对会后悔。 This decision, truly protected the domestic many industries. In the surface seems like the policy, in the industry develops beginning, protects the national industry, is conducive to the development of home industry. 这个决策,确实保护了国内不少产业。表面上看上去是好政策,在工业发展初起,保护民族产业,有利于国内工业的发展。 However, the advantage has not manifested, the evil consequence had first happened, the Tsar government paid the grievous cost quickly for this reason. 然而,好处没有体现出来,恶果已经先发生了,沙皇政府很快就为此付出了惨痛代价。 Because the tariff causes to benefit the import commodity price to grow from Austria, to economize, the bureaucrats of Tsar government chooses from local enterprise purchase commodity- sinkhole will soon be born. 因为关税导致从奥地利进口商品价格增长,为了省钱,沙皇政府的官僚们选择从本土企业采购物资-天坑即将诞生。 ...... ……