Noisy Austria benefits the civil service examination, has continued to finish in February 1849, the final outcome comes out is several likes several to worry. 沸沸扬扬的奥地利公务员考试,一直持续到了1849年2月份才结束,最终结果出炉是几家欢喜几家愁。 Franz relaxes, finished finally smoothly, had this good start, the talent who Austria benefitted selected the system to change. 弗朗茨松了一口气,总算是顺利结束了,有了这个好的开始,奥地利的人才选拔制度就此发生了改变。 Is unified the selection talent by the central government, the next school the place holds an office, significantly weakened the local strongman, strengthened the centralization. 由中央政府统一选拔人才,下派到地方任职,大大削弱了地方实力派,加强了中央集权。 On February 6 , 1849, Austria Limin Clan Parliament drew opens officially, symbolizes that Austria benefitted various nationalities to participate in government and decide the start of national destiny together. 1849年2月6日,奥地利民族议会拉正式开幕,标志着奥地利各民族共同参政、决定国家命运的开始。 Benefits the 115 congressmen of various nationalities to attend the conference from Austria, theoretically conducts the assignment quota according to the population proportion, but considering actual situation, increased to 15 people. 共有来自奥地利各民族的115名议员参加会议,理论上是按照人口比例进行分配名额,不过考虑到实际情况,又增加到了15人。 Austria benefits many nationalities is the dispersion lives, Franz naturally not possible to gather them, this congressman elects according to the area. 奥地利很多民族都是分散聚居的,弗朗茨自然不可能把他们聚集起来,这次议员选举是按地区来的。 The candidates naturally are your majesty nominate by great Emperor, is voted to elect by the place. If some nationality has not represented, do not worry, should not be startled, this was is only represented. 候选人自然是由伟大的皇帝陛下提名,然后再由地方投票选举。如果某个民族没有代表,不要着急,不要惊慌,这只是被代表了。 In the cheers of people, in name highest Authority Austria that Austria benefits Limin Clan Parliament, established. 在民众的欢呼声中,奥地利的名义上最高权利机构-奥地利民族议会,就这么建立了起来。 The first matter that the national parliament opens, passed Austria to benefit the compulsory education law. The compulsory education of being a focus of public attention, benefitted to determine in Austria finally in the form of law. 民族议会开幕的第一件事,就是通过了奥地利义务教育法。万众瞩目的义务教育,终于在奥地利以法律的形式确定了下来。 Government to opinions of various social collections, dropped the curtain, from all sides received hundreds of thousands of suggestions, naturally in this majority is redundant. 政府向社会各届征集的意见,也落下了帷幕,前前后后收到了数十万条建议,当然这里面大部分都是重复的。 Those who made Franz accidental/surprised was, opposed person who compulsory education unexpectedly so many, nearly half of opinions, were suggested that the government do not tire the people and squander resources. 令弗朗茨意外的是,反对义务教育的人居然如此的多,近一半的意见,都是建议政府不要劳民伤财。 Right, looks like the compulsory education to tire the people and squander resources in many people. 没错,在很多人看来义务教育就是劳民伤财。 They also give an example, two big powerful nations in the world- Britain , Russia, have not conducted the compulsory education, but the Prussia kingdom of next door conducted the compulsory education, has not therefore become world hegemon. 他们还举了例子,当今世界上的两大强国-英俄,都没有搞义务教育,而隔壁的普鲁士王国搞了义务教育,并没有因此成为世界霸主。 Quality powerful Franz, neglected these different opinions at heart decisively. 心里素质强大的弗朗茨,果断忽略了这些不同意见。 The compulsory education of Prussia kingdom, the brought dividend now is not obvious the two times, waits for Industrial Revolution to erupt, everyone will discover some Prussia kingdom unexpectedly so many technical workers and engineers suddenly. 普鲁士王国的义务教育,带来的红利现在还不明显,等二次工业革命爆发,大家才会猛然间发现普鲁士王国居然有那么多技术工人、工程师。 Depends on the huge quantity of technical workers and engineers, after the second Industrial Revolution erupts, the German economy soared to surpass Britain. 靠着数量庞大的技术工人、工程师,第二次工业革命爆发后,德国经济一飞冲天超越了英国了。 After several rounds of screening, finally was left over the quite feasible five plans to the Franz hand, arranges the person to propose the sand table teaching including him. 经过了几轮筛选过后,最后到了弗朗茨手中就剩下了比较可行的五种方案,包括他安排人提出来沙盘式教学。 Saw, Franz unusual vitality/angry. 看到了其中一条,弗朗茨非常的生气。 „Work-study program compulsory education”, simple is the child who lets have the compulsory education, first goes to the factory to make half super craftsmanship, then the class, uses the income that they work to pay the compulsory education in the morning the expenses. “半工半读式义务教育”,简单的来说就是让接受义务教育的孩子,先去工厂做半天工,然后再上半天课,利用他们做工的收入来支付义务教育的开销。 Superficially without issue, in fact issue on big. The capitalists and schools collude, it is estimated that the compulsory education well turned into the origin of capitalist cheap labor. 表面上来看没有问题,实际上问题就大的去了。资本家和学校一勾结,估计好好的义务教育都变成了资本家廉价劳动力的来源。 Even the complete arrangement to the state enterprise, the final result many, the state-owned enterprise administrators will also still very pursue the benefit, finally everyone is in cahoots, makes half super craftsmanship to turn into a super craftsmanship, has nothing well strange. 就算是全部安排到国营企业,最后的结果也好不了多少,国企管理人员同样会追逐利益,最后大家串通一气,做半天工变成一天工,也没有啥好奇怪的。 Franz has the moral integrity, the matter that exploits the child he could not have done. 弗朗茨还是有节操的,剥削儿童的事情他还干不出来。 Benefits compared with Austria also wants the poor Prussia kingdom, can complete the compulsory education, could not carry out no truth to his here. 况且,比奥地利还要穷的普鲁士王国,都能够完成义务教育,没有道理到了他这里就推行不下去了。 Decisive after kicking this, Franz did not discover most pit, only then pit. 果断的踢出了这一条后,弗朗茨发现没有最坑,只有更坑。 Unexpectedly some people proposed: The teaching type compulsory education, entrusted the compulsory education to the church in other words, the government allocation to the church, making the church be responsible for the compulsory education on the line. 居然有人提出了:教会式义务教育,换句话说就是把义务教育委托给教会,政府拨款给教会,让教会负责义务教育就行了。 Franz really wants proposing the bastard of this opinion looks, then dismembers a body. 弗朗茨真的很想把提出这条意见的混蛋找出来,然后大卸八块。 Truly can save part from the cost, the church is found in the nation, the student can go home to go, cut out the school construction cost ; The clergy have other income, does not depend on the wages to live, so long as provided some subsidies on the line. 从成本上来说确实可以节省一部分,教堂遍布全国,学生可以回家去住,省去了学校建设费用;神职人员有其它收入,不靠工资过日子,只要发放一些补助就行了。 But consequence? The next generation by the church being trained, finally is loyal to Emperor, is loyal to the church, this is a serious concern. 可是后果呢？由教会培养出来的下一代,最后是忠于皇帝,还是忠于教会,这是一个严重的问题。 Franz does not dare to despise the religious influence, from the middle ages to the present, governments in Europe is weakening the religious influence diligently, opens backing up of history, is this possible? 弗朗茨不敢小看宗教影响力,从中世纪到现在,欧洲各国政府都在努力削弱宗教影响力,开历史的倒车,这怎么可能呢？ These two seemingly feasible pit goods suggested, hides malicious intent under a fair countenance actually, so many people approve, Franz sigh, „quality of nationals education must strengthen!” 这两条看似可行的坑货建议,实则包藏祸心,偏偏还有那么多人认同,弗朗茨不由的感叹,“国民素质教育还要加强啊！” ...... …… Removed two pit goods to suggest, Franz said: „Prime minister, these three also calculates that the credible opinion, submits the parliament to discuss, selects most suitable Austria to benefit the compulsory education of national condition.” 排除了两条坑货建议,弗朗茨说道:“首相,把这三条还算靠谱的意见,提交议会讨论吧,从中选出一条最适合奥地利国情的义务教育。” „Yes, your majesty.” Prime Minister Felix replied “是,陛下。”费利克斯首相回答道 The so-called discussion, nothing but walks an interlude, the Emperor will is the will of Austria Limin Clan Parliament. Has own opinion, but cannot have the conflict with the opinion of Emperor. 所谓的讨论,无非是走一个过场,皇帝的意志就是奥地利民族议会的意志。有自己的意见可以,但是不能和皇帝的意见有冲突。 Naturally, if can have good reason to convince Emperor your majesty, Franz is also accepts good advice readily, so long as is the good suggestion, he is glad to accept. 当然,如果能有充分的理由说服皇帝陛下,弗朗茨也是从善如流的,只要是好的建议,他都乐意采纳。 The education minister benefits Austria- Von Tus- Count Huo snort/hum hands over a thick document saying: „Your majesty, Ministry of Education has completed the prospectus of compulsory education, please glance.” 教育大臣利奥-冯-图斯-霍哼伯爵递上一本厚厚的文件说道:“陛下,教育部已经做好了义务教育的计划书,请过目。” Franz received the document, about 200-300 pages, he does not have anxiously opening, so many contents are not a short time can look. 弗朗茨接过了文件,大约有200-300页,他没有急着打开,这么多内容不是一时半会儿能够看完的。 Austria money pouch multinational countries, national condition very complex , to promote the compulsory education in the different multinational areas, the ways and means of uses are also different. 奥地利是多民族国家,国情非常的复杂,在不同的民族地区推行义务教育,所采用的方式方法也不一样。 Related to the aspects were many, finally the prospectus also thickened. 涉及到的方方面面多了,最后计划书也就变厚了。 „Count Huo snort/hum, said initially looks at your plans, has prepared that?” Asking that Franz cares about “霍哼伯爵,初步说说看你们的计划,已经准备到了那一步了？”弗朗茨关心的问 Huo snort/hum replied hastily: „ After your majesty, Ministry of Education sends people the thorough nation investigates and studies on the spot, decides to use batch the compulsory education, first starts from the big city area of population concentration, is gradually popular to the village. 霍哼连忙回答道:“陛下,教育部派人深入全国进行实地调研过后,决定采用分批式义务教育,先从人口集中的大城市地区开始,在逐步向乡村普及。 This year the goal is,...... and other compulsory education of key city develops Vienna, Prague and Page, strives in five years to the national compulsory education universal. 今年我们的目标是,把维也纳、布拉格、佩奇……等主要城市的义务教育开展起来,力争在五年内向全国普及义务教育。 The school selected locations of these big cities, have basically determined, considering the funds issue, we transforms on the existing building in principle. 这些大城市的学校选址,基本上已经确定了下来,考虑到经费问题,我们原则上是在已有的建筑物上面进行改造。 At present has completed 1023 schools to construct, recruits the teacher 34216 people, these teachers are conducting urgent training, it is expected to complete in May. 目前已经完成了1023所学校建设,共招募教师34216人,这些老师正在进行紧急培训,预计会在5月份完成。 Ministry of Education plans in June of this year, starts the compulsory education officially. Earlier the stage, considering the school bearing capacity, the student who we first recruit the voluntary registration, when five years later compulsion makes all school age children have the compulsory education. ” 教育部计划今年6月份,正式开启义务教育。前期阶段,考虑到学校承载能力,我们先招收自愿报名的学生,等五年后再强制让所有适龄儿童接受义务教育。” Franz nods, he most fears is the officials for the achievements, blind on project, compulsory education well tossing about badly. 弗朗茨点了点头,他最怕的就是官员们为了政绩,盲目的上项目,把好好的义务教育给折腾坏了。 „ Does Ministry of Education have a consideration family condition better student, they pay the school expense richly, the need better educational condition. “教育部有没有考虑家庭条件更好的学生,他们自己有钱支付学费,需要更好的教育条件。 Doesn't need to snatch the compulsory education with the ordinary child the resources, Ministry of Education has to separate out them? ” Asking of Franz doubts 不需要和普通孩子去抢义务教育的资源,教育部有没有把他们区分开来？”弗朗茨疑惑的问道 The poor education, naturally was the patent of poor person, cannot let the descendant of capitalist and aristocrat, brought the sand table to attend class? 穷教育,自然是穷人的专利了,总不能让资本家和贵族的后代,也带着沙盘去上课吧？ Count Huo snort/hum explained: „ Your majesty, Austria benefits had the charge school, we have not conducted the big modification, these schools are not integrated into the compulsory education management system. 霍哼伯爵解释道:“陛下,奥地利原本就有收费学校,我们没有进行大的改动,这些学校不纳入义务教育管理体系。 Considering fairness choice, in the future Ministry of Education's allocation quotas to these schools, will gradually reduce, all school Ministry of Education according to the student number, the uniform standard will transfer the educational expenditure. ” 考虑到公平性选择,未来教育部对这些学校的拨款额度,也会逐步降低,所有的学校教育部都会按照学生数量,统一标准划拨教育经费。” Perhaps this is not the best choice, is actually the most suitable choice. Austria benefits the central government to each educational expenditure of accepting the compulsory education student is equal, maximum considered the fairness principle. 或许这不是最好的选择,却是最适合的选择。奥地利中央政府给每一名接受义务教育学生的教育经费都是均等的,最大限度的考虑到了公平性原则。 In family/home rich, that can take out money a condition better school, these are their freedoms. In the government reduces to the allocations of these charge schools, this school expense naturally must rise in prices. 家里有钱,那就可以掏钱去条件更好的学校,这些都是他们的自由。在政府降低对这些收费学校的拨款过后,这个学费自然是要涨价了。 The time was different, originally Austria benefits the empire only to need for these 200,000-300,000 students' education to pay, must educate to pay for several million students, educates the polarization becomes inevitable. 时代不同了,原来奥地利帝国只需要为这200,000-300,000学生的教育买单,现在要为数百万的学生教育买单,教育两极分化成为了必然。 Naturally, the local finance also has the educational expenditure, wealthy area a little, financial difficulty area little a little. The educational expenditure allocation of central government, can only guarantee the student who most foundation completes the compulsory education. 当然了,地方财政同样也有教育经费,富裕的地区多一点儿,财政困难的地区少一点儿。中央政府的教育经费拨款,只能保证最基础的学生完成义务教育。 „First manages , to continue collects the opinion to the domestic education experts, so long as is practical and feasible, has the opinion of advantage to the Austria advantage, we can accept.” Franz thinks to say “先这么办吧,继续向国内的教育专家们征集意见,只要是切实可行、对奥地利有好处的意见,我们都可以接受。”弗朗茨想了想说 Since wants the political show, that must make the complete set, earlier to the folk collection opinion, naturally must continue now. 既然要政治作秀,那就必须要做全套,前期都向民间征集意见了,现在自然也要继续了。 No matter can accept finally, at least after one round discussed that the experts on Austria Libyan government and society relate moderate. 不管最后会不会采纳,至少经过了一轮热议过后,奥地利政府和社会上的专家学者们关系缓和了很多。 The Austria Libyan government suppressed the rebellion last year, created and barrier of cultural circle, had been eliminated gradually. 奥地利政府去年镇压叛乱,造成了和文化界人士的隔阂,已经逐渐被消除了。 Many people are discontented with the Austria Libyan government, is the system of discontented that ossification, hindered the development of country, did not mean that these people are unpatriotic, or is to revolt. 很多人对奥地利政府不满,是不满那僵化的体制,阻碍了国家的发展,并不是说这些人就不爱国了,或者是想要造反。 In fact, the Austria money pouch is quite conservative. Revolutionary idea that is in vogue in France, is very difficult the existing space here, everyone thinks, if reforms, rather than revolution. 实际上,奥地利是相当保守的。在法国盛行的革命思想,在这边很难有生存空间,大家想要是改革,而不是革命。 Metternich years, work as the slogan the reform daily, may respond in the action, the government has no sound, lets everyone unusual disaffection. 梅特涅时代,天天把改革当口号,可反应在行动上,政府却没有任何动静,才让大家非常的不满。 By the Franz time, the reform of Austria Libyan government had not stopped, first abolishes the serfdom, is the implementation of labor protection, then civil service examination and promoted compulsory education wait/etc. 到了弗朗茨时代,奥地利政府的改革就没有停过,先是废除农奴制,又是劳工保护法的实施,接着公务员考试、推广义务教育等等。 Although these reform measures, left many room, not all at once, but progresses like this, has made the reformist satisfactory sufficiently. 尽管这些改革措施,都留下了很多的余地,并没有一刀切到底,可这样的进步,已经足以令改革派满意了。 Besides naive delinquent, has not been thinking must reach one's goal instantly. Especially the old person, likes the lukewarm water boiling the frog, conducts the socialist system step by step. 除了中二少年外,没有想着要一步到位。尤其是年纪偏大的人,更喜欢温水煮青蛙,一步一步进行社会变革。