On December 12 , 1848, benefitted the civil service examination of far-reaching influence on start to register to Austria, this symbolizes that the Austria advantage selected the way of talent to have the fundamental transformation. 1848年12月12日,对奥地利影响深远的公务员考试开始报名,这标志着奥地利选拔人才的方式发生了根本性的转变。 Although this test, is still the internal competition of aristocrats, but there is a competition always to compare not to have good of competition. 尽管这次考试,依然是贵族们的内部竞争,但是有竞争总比没有竞争的好。 Here the decline aristocrat, obtained the opportunity of re-entering the right center, the Austria Libyan government obtained their support again. 在这里没落贵族,获得了重回权利中心的机会,奥地利政府再次获得了他们的拥护。 The governmental agency, the state-owned enterprise, teacher and other series of posts add, provided about 130,000 posts to the society, over 186,000 people register. 政府机关、国有企业、教师等一系列岗位加起来,面向社会提供了近十三万个岗位,共有十八万六千余人报考。 If this competition rate/lead places the later generation, it is estimated that many people must congratulate each other, in this age, many people are still big in the seeking vengeance pressure. 这个竞争率要是放在后世,估计很多人都要弹冠相庆,不过在这个年代,很多人依然在报怨压力大。 In a Vienna small tavern, an approximately 20 -year-old youngster seeks vengeance saying: „Damn, Lowell you know that Ministry of Finance this time is to do, why did we enter second round must take a test?” 维也纳一家小酒馆内,一名约二十来岁的少年报怨道:“该死,劳尔你知道财政部这次是要干什么,我们都进入了第二轮为什么还要考试？” „ Forget it, Weigeer. Everyone knows, we are exempt from taking an examination to enter second round. Heard that number of applicants of Ministry of Finance already over 8000 people, but the recruitment population is only 876 people, 10 : 1 capacities. “得了吧,威格尔。谁都知道,我们是免试进入第二轮的。听说财政部的报考人数已经超过八千人,而招聘人数只有876人,十比一的通过率。 Must eliminate most candidates, has quicker means besides the test? 要淘汰绝大多数报考者,除了考试还有更快的办法么？ If you feared that the competition, can register for the basic unit teacher, that side quota are many, the population of register are few. ” Lowell drinks small wine, said with a laugh 如果你怕竞争的话,可以去报考基层教师啊,那边名额多,报考的人数少。”劳尔喝一小口葡萄酒,笑呵呵的说 He does not fear the test, in the school is the top student, compared with friend Weigeer this study dregs, he has enough confidence through the test. 他可不怕考试,在学校的时候就是优等生,比起朋友威格尔这个学渣,他有足够的信心通过考试。 Cheating? Does not think if wants, does not have a look can take the test is any people, one group of aristocrats made, who can wrap up. 考试舞弊？想不都要想,也不看看能够参加考试的都是些什么人,一帮贵族闹了起来,谁能够兜得住。 If relates contour big, has mixed in the civil service rank, why to come to here to compete? 要是关系网强大,早就混入了公务员队伍了,何必来这里竞争呢？ „Ok, I do not want to drift along in the countryside, without the bar, does not have the friend, that can want my life!” Weigeer shakes the head to say “算了吧,我可不想在乡下混日子,没有酒吧、没有朋友,那会要了我的命！”威格尔摇了摇头说 Compares the real power department, teacher post of Ministry of Education recruitment on tragedy were many, as soon as many people listen to go to the countryside to teach, complexions changed. 相比实权部门,教育部招聘的教师岗位就悲剧的多了,很多人一听要去乡下教书,一个一个脸色都变了。 The plan recruits 50,000 teachers, finally only then less than 20,000 people register. In order to recruit enough teacher, Ministry of Education has to build the school in the town peripheral. 计划招聘五万教师,结果只有不到两万人报名。为了招募足够的教师,教育部不得不将学校建在了城镇周边。 The compulsory education expense government undertakes in any case completely, concentrates the management the student, at the worst adopts boardingly. 反正义务教育费用政府全部承担,把学生集中起来管理也可以,大不了采取寄宿制。 Overwhelming majority areas, in the government hand inventoried and confiscated the real estate of massive rebellious party, transforms to work as the school building. 绝大部分地区,政府手中都查抄了大量乱党的不动产,改造一下就可以当校舍。 Even so, the person of register grade teacher post are still not many, finally Ministry of Education has to reduce the recruitment population. 即便是如此,报考小学教师岗位的人依然不多,最后教育部不得不削减了招聘人数。 The compulsory education is in any case impossible to popularize the nation all of a sudden, the need time promotes gradually, the teacher insufficiently can also train slowly, the teachers of Ministry of Education trained the class to recruit students outward. 反正义务教育也不可能一下子普及到全国,需要时间逐步进行推广,教师不够还可以慢慢培养,教育部的教师培养班已经对外招生了。 „ Then can only compete, you must know that most competitive taking part in policy discussions secretary, only recruits two people merely, unexpectedly more than 800 person registrations, and applicants also in sustained growth. “那么就只能竞争了,你要知道竞争最激烈的参议秘书,仅仅只招收两人,居然有八百多人报名,并且报名人数还在持续增长中。 God, the passing probability 5%, some people dare to go unexpectedly, has to admire their courage. ” Lowell said with very exaggerating tone 上帝,通过几率连四百分之一都不到,居然还有人敢去,不得不佩服他们的勇气。”劳尔用非常夸张的语气说 Nearby man inserts said: „ Having anything is quite strange, the taking part in policy discussions secretary serves for the cabinet government, daily shakes before one group of big shot, the space that in the future will rise will be larger. 旁边一名男子插言道:“有什么好奇怪的,参议秘书可是为内阁政府服务,天天在一帮大佬面前晃悠,未来上升的空间要大的多。 Everyone wants to reach the sky in a single bound, if were accepted by luck, that gained sent greatly, could not be accepted wastes the registration fee at the worst. ” 谁都想要一步登天,万一侥幸考上了,那就赚大发了,考不上大不了浪费点儿报名费。” „Said, I somewhat moved, the duration of the examination of each department is not in any case same, tries also well.” Lowell thinks to say “这么说起来,我都有些动心了,反正各个部门的考试时间并不是都一样,去试试也好。”劳尔想了想说 ...... …… This civil service examination does not unify to conduct, each talent of department demand is different, Franz has not prepared to recruit one group of versatile people to come. 这次公务员考试并不是统一进行的,各个部门需求的人才并不一样,弗朗茨也没有准备招收一帮全才进来。 Therefore, everyone's recruiting condition is also different, some department competitions are fierce, the written examination and interview are doing, some department applicants are too few, without nitpicking qualifications, so long as satisfies the basic requirement on the line. 因此,大家的招募条件也不一样,有的部门竞争激烈,笔试、面试都在搞,有的部门报名人数太少,没有挑剔的资格,只要满足基础条件就行。 Because is the first test, no one knows area-wide student examination anything, so long as the examinees worry, wants to hit to attack temporarily does not have the direction. 由于是第一次考试,谁都不知道会考什么,考生们只要干着急,想要临时打突击都没有方向。 Not is only they do not know, various some government ministries veiled Bi who are in charge of this test, everyone does not have the experience, has to draw on the overseas talent to select the system. 不光是他们不知道,就连主持这次考试的政府各部委都有些蒙逼,大家都没有经验,不得不借鉴国外的人才选拔制度。 This year, Europe most popular was still the gracious gift system, the Austria advantage was at the front row of the world, took the lead to break this system. 这个年头,欧洲最流行的依然是恩赐制,奥地利算是走到了世界的前列,率先打破了这种制度。 Benefits the civil service examination most to be close to Austria, unexpectedly was the imperial civil service examination system of Qing dynasty, if were not the time were too tight, the cabinet prepared to send people to inspect. 和奥地利公务员考试最接近的,居然是满清的科举制度,如果不是时间太紧了,内阁都准备派人过去考察了。 Finally Franz helps offer advice personally, although he has not been in charge of the labor civil service examination, the number of times that but the previous generation participates are many, has richly is eliminated the experience. 最后还是弗朗茨亲自帮忙出主意,虽然他没有主持过工公务员考试,但是前世参加的次数多,有丰富的被淘汰经验。 Schonbrunn Palace 美泉宫 Prime Minister Felix is frowning saying: „ Your majesty, this civil service examination, we provided 128939 posts, a total of 589656 registration people, have serious one person to register for many department situations simultaneously, about 35,000 posts nobody will ask, mostly centralized in educational department. 费利克斯首相皱着眉头说道:“陛下,这次公务员考试,我们共提供了128939个岗位,共有589656报名人次,存在着严重的一人同时报考多个部门情况,还有近三万五千个岗位无人问津,大都集中在教育部门。 Considering this situation, the government decides to cancel these unmanned register posts, simultaneously to one person of registers for many departments bans, only acknowledged the department of earliest register. ” 考虑到这种情况,政府决定取消这些无人报考岗位,同时对一人报考多个部门的予以取缔,只承认最早报考的部门。” Austria benefits this civil service examination, naturally not possible that to subdivide like the age of the Internet, precisely to each exact location. 奥地利这次公务员考试,自然不可能像互联网时代那么细分,精确到了每一个具体位置上。 Now what registers for is only the ministries, the final exact location basis actual situation mixes, only recruits several people except for a small number of departments, was clear about the concrete position, other is the unknowns. 现在报考的只是部委,最后的具体位置根据实际情况进行调配,除了少数部门只招收几个人,明确了具体职位,别的都是未知数。 For example the register tax section, may stay in Vienna, there is a possibility to go to Croatia, but may also turn into the tax inspection officer nation to run, after the concrete position arrangement must wait for the test to end, knows. 比如报考税务部的,有可能留在维也纳,也有可能去克罗地亚,还有可能变成税务巡视官全国跑,具体的职位安排要等考试结束后才知道。 Hears to have so many posts nobody will ask, Franz rubbed the forehead , because was worried that remote areas post unmanned register, he induces in all recruiters the ministries, waits to assign finally. 听到有这么多岗位无人问津,弗朗茨不由的揉了揉额头,就是因为担心偏远地区岗位无人报考,他才把所有招聘人员都归纳到部委中,等最后再进行分配。 Even if so does not sufficiently collect the population similarly. At this time, he is thinking that must from other department assign part filled the pit in the past. 没有想到,即便是如此同样凑不够人数。这个时候,他都在想要不要从别的部门选调一部分过去填坑。 Hesitant, finally eliminated this calculation, the melon that bites is not sweet. Cheats, definitely will have the resentment, finally leads into this resentment the work, affects the purity of cabinet. 犹豫了一下,最后还是打消了这个盘算,强咬的瓜不甜。这么坑人,肯定会有怨气,最后把这种怨气带入到工作中,影响政府班子的纯洁性。 „ Unmanned the post of register can cancel, the words that is short of manpower our oneself trains. It is estimated that even if the test passed, many people do not want to go to the remote place. “无人报考的岗位可以全部取消,缺人的话我们就自己培养。估计就算考试通过了,很多人都不想去穷乡僻壤。 They do not want to go even, we cannot force someone to do something against his will. The army does not have the demobilization soldier, these remote corner children of the nobility cannot have a liking , won't the soldier always be have a liking for? 他们不想去就算了,我们也不能强人所难。军队不是有复员士兵么,这些偏僻角落贵族子弟看不上,士兵总不会也看不上吧？ Chooses the soldier who is literate, trains, basic unit official who acts as the remote areas. 从中挑选识字的士兵,培养一下,充当偏远地区的基层公务员。 To person of the situations of registering for many posts, this time, we had not made the stipulation even beforehand, their approaches are legitimate, when drew the lesson. 对一人报考多个岗位的情况,这次就算了,事先我们没有做出规定,他们的做法是合法的,就当吸取教训了。 However after being been testing ministries, they cannot continue to take the next ministries test, the registration fee do not return. ” 不过在考中了一个部委后,他们就不能继续参加下一个的部委考试,报名费不予退回。” Franz has not raised changes career the issue of military officers, the military officer in this age Austria Lijun team basically is the noble birth, even he himself did not have the noble title, their parental and grandparent and uncle, would are aristocrats. 弗朗茨没有提转业军官们的问题,这个年代奥地利军队的军官基本上都是贵族出身,就算他自己没有了贵族头衔,他们的父母、爷爷奶奶、叔伯,总会有是贵族的。 As the children of the nobility, their treatments are also different. Before the retirement , the rank in army, the career change will have the treatment of being equal from now on. 作为贵族子弟,他们的待遇又不一样。退役前在军队中的级别,转业过后就有等同的待遇。 In other words, in army they are the military officer, the career change from now on they similarly are the officers. If the ability is unable to be competent badly, then can only degrade, however will not reduce in the wages and benefits. 换句话说,在军队中他们是军官,转业过后他们同样是官。如果能力不济无法胜任,那么就只能降级了,但是在工资待遇上不会降低。 Naturally, this is only restricted in the military exploit. Without the military officer of military exploit changes career , there would be no such good treatment. 当然,这仅限于有军功的。没有军功的军官转业,就没有这么好的待遇了。 Franz proposed chose the personnel training from the soldier, similarly was only restricted in the active feudal official, without meritorious military service big end of soldier, naturally not in training range. 弗朗茨提出的从士兵中挑选人才培养,同样仅限于有功之臣,没有战功的大头兵,自然不在培养范围之内。 Regarding the examinee of redundant register, Franz understood, he had also experienced in the past, who thinks many opportunity, many choice. But as the matter stands, can recruite the department to increase the work load. 对于重复报考的考生,弗朗茨是非常理解的,当年他也经历过,谁都想多一次机会,多一个选择。只不过这样一来,会给招考部门增加工作量。 Franz has the moral integrity, since the government has not talked clearly beforehand, that cannot shirk the responsibility, increased the work load to increase the work load, pit who oneself dug were responsible for filling. 弗朗茨还是有节操的,既然事先政府没有说清楚,那就不能推卸责任,增加工作量就增加工作量好了,自己挖的坑自己负责填。 ...... …… The government cancelled more than 35,000 posts all of a sudden, opening the proportion was to increase finally 2 : 1, somewhat competed with the brutal meaning. 政府一下子取消了三万五千多个岗位,开考比例总算是攀升到了2:1,有几分竞争残酷的意思了。 Each recruiting unit, but also to set the topic to worry, the European public opinion has seethed with excitement. 各个招聘单位,还在为出题而烦恼,欧洲舆论已经沸腾了。 The mainstream media express the viewpoint, some support the civil service examination that also some oppositions, Austria benefits in brief, becomes the focus of European Society. 主流媒体纷纷发表观点,有支持的也有反对,总之奥地利的这次公务员考试,成为了欧洲社会的焦点。 Engels published the article on the Seine report, fully affirmed the civil service examination system of Austria Libyan government. 恩格斯就在莱茵报上面发表了文章,充分肯定了奥地利政府的公务员考试制度。 Reason very simple, the limiting condition of Austria Libyan government announcement, after removing the bourgeoisie, has not actually limited the working class and peasant class. 理由非常的简单,奥地利政府公布的限制条件,排除了资产阶级后,却没有限制工人阶级、农民阶级。 Theoretically, so long as their school records arrived, can enter in the government system through the selection. 理论上,只要他们的学历到了,就可以通过选拔进入政府体系中。 The compulsory education that in addition the Austria Libyan government proposed a while ago, lets ~ ~ the person thinks that the Austria Libyan government actively is reforming, prepares to absorb the working class to enter in the government. 加上奥地利政府前段时间提出的义务教育,让很多~~主义者认为奥地利政府正在积极改革,准备吸纳工人阶级进入政府中。 Good, this beautiful misunderstanding, Franz will not come out to explain that many one group of supporter always good deeds. 好吧,这个美丽的误会,弗朗茨是不会出来解释的,多一帮拥护者总是一件好事。 As Emperor, what he needs is person of one group of loyal and ruled lines, helping him manage this country, is unimportant as for the family backgrounds of these people. 作为一名皇帝,他需要的是一帮忠心度在及格线上的人,帮他管理好这个国家,至于这些人的出身并不重要。 Only can say facing the different national conditions, with different employment mechanism. Benefits in Austria must have a high opinion of the aristocrat, if in UK , France, then the bourgeoisie can similarly the pillar/backbone of country. 只能说面对不同的国情,采用不同的用人机制。在奥地利就必须要倚重贵族,如果是在英法,那么资产阶级同样可以国家的支柱。 This is the social environment decided that if in a newly-emerging nation, does not have the deep-rooted aristocrat, does not have the powerful bourgeoisie, then the working class and peasant class can also become a national pillar/backbone similarly. 这是社会环境决定,要是在一个新兴国家,没有根深蒂固的贵族,没有实力雄厚的资产阶级,那么工人阶级、农民阶级同样也可以成为一个国家支柱。 If reforms blindly, departed supported own social class, then Wang Mang was the best example. 如果盲目改革,背离了支持自己的阶级,那么王莽就是最好的榜样。