Beyond of Chapter 87 Shan Hai Jing idea series: The repertoire of antiquity emperor 第87章山海经想法系列之番外:上古帝王的套路 Finally has the time, can comb Shan Hai Jing. 终于有时间,可以梳理一下山海经。 Complicated, first introduced the five emperors. 千头万绪,还是先介绍五帝。 One of five emperors generally thinking, does not have Dayu. 一般所认为的五帝之一,是没有大禹的。 Yu's honorific titles are ‚big’, the meaning is great. 禹的尊号为‘大’,意为伟大。 The most official five emperors, naturally are Sima Qian arrange, was Yellow Emperor, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Yao, Shun. 最官方的五帝,自然是司马迁排得,为黄帝、颛顼、帝喾、尧、舜。 But this is not earliest, earliest when should be Qin Dynasty Lushih Chunchiu row: Taihao, Yan Di, Yellow Emperor, few Hao, Zhuanxu. 但这不是最早的,最早的应该是秦朝时吕氏春秋排得:太昊、炎帝、黄帝、少昊、颛顼。 And Qin row this, was most legitimate five side God, Taihao was the azure emperor, few Hao was Emperor white, Zhuanxu was the black emperor, again Yan Di and Yellow Emperor, looked like gold/metal wood water the fire clay respectively, in the east, west, south, and north. 其中秦朝排得这个,是最正统的五方上帝,太昊为青帝,少昊为白帝,颛顼为黑帝,再加炎帝和黄帝,分别象金木水火土,东西南北中。 Sima Qian adds the Yao and Shun, Emperor Ku, this obviously is the deviation Yan and Huang department, removed Taihao and few Hao these two Dongyi directly. 司马迁把尧舜加进去,还有帝喾,这明显是偏向炎黄系,直接把太昊、少昊这俩东夷排除了。 The five emperors do not refer to these five people, but referred to the merit biggest five antiquity emperor. 五帝并不是指就这五个人,而是指功绩最大的五位上古帝王。 But regardless of which edition, without Yu, especially odd! 而无论哪一个版本,都没有禹,就特么离谱！ Therefore three sovereigns in my mind are Nüwa, Shennong, Fu Xi. The five emperors were Yellow Emperor, Yan Di, Zhuanxu, emperor handsome, Dayu. 因此我个人心目中的三皇为女娲、神农、伏羲。五帝乃是黄帝、炎帝、颛顼、帝俊、大禹。 Yao, Shun, discussed at the merit, radically being able to stand in line number. Is an emperor, but does not enter one of the five emperors. 尧、舜,以功绩而论,根本排不上号。就是个帝而已,但不入五帝之一。 The Yao and Shun, brought in five emperors by the Confucianist completely, spreads to turn over the throne to another moral excellence. 尧舜,完全是被儒家抬进五帝之列的,传扬禅让之美德。 Before speaking my five emperors, must first be said by the Yao and Shun who I arrange, and must first allow you to understand them, therefore this is beyond outside...... 在讲我心里的五帝之前,先要把被我排出去的尧舜讲了,且先要让你们了解他们,所以这是番外的番外…… First, Records of the Grand Historian row of five emperors, Yellow Emperor, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Tang Yao, Yu Shun. 首先,史记排的五帝,黄帝、颛顼、帝喾、唐尧、虞舜。 And, Yellow Emperor was surnamed Ji, Zhuanxu was surnamed Ji, Emperor Ku was surnamed Ji, Tang Yao Ji, all was lineage/vein legitimate...... only has Yu Shunxing Gui ( gui ). 其中,黄帝姓姬,颛顼姓姬,帝喾姓姬,唐尧姓姬,皆是一脉正统……唯有虞舜姓妫(gui)。 However Yu Shun, is the descendant in Zhuanxu, but is the collateral branch, his ancestor poor cicada is the Zhuanxu son. 但是虞舜本身,也是颛顼的后裔,只不过是旁支,他祖上穷蝉乃是颛顼庶子。 Only the son of first wife will inherit the father surname, because on Gu is not only a surname, my front has said that it is the symbol of position. 只有嫡子才会继承父姓,因为上古姓不仅仅是个姓,我前面说过,它还是地位的象征。 The son can only other to seal/confer chose/point surname, Yellow Emperor seal 14, Zhuanxu also sealed several, the emperor of all previous generations, will seal one pile of surnames. 庶子只能封点别的姓,黄帝封了十四个,颛顼也封了好几个,历代的帝,都会封一堆姓。 The children in Zhuanxu were many, son several, grandson dozens, the descendant is divided into several large clans. Passes to Shun this generation, is the civilians in civilians. 颛顼的孩子多了,儿子好几个,孙子几十个,后裔分为好几个大族。传到舜这一代,就是平民中的平民。 In fact, Yu Shun was not surnamed Gui. Because of the son of Zhuanxu, poor cicada descendant sealed in Yuguo that place, called has Yu, can understand to have a Yu clan. 事实上,虞舜本来不姓妫。因为颛顼的庶子,穷蝉这一支后裔封在虞国那个地方,称有虞氏,可以理解为有虞一族。 Shun is Yu clan person, therefore should be surnamed Yu. 舜是虞族的人,所以应该姓虞。 However was a pity very much, having a Yu clan also has the lord is, collateral branch derives unceasingly. 但是很可惜,有虞一族又有主系、旁系不断衍生。 Shun is not a son of first wife, therefore his Yu has not mixed. Because was born in Yao Xu, surname that therefore surnamed Yao...... this type decides according to the place of birth, is the third estate. 舜不是嫡子,所以他连虞姓都没混到。因为出生在姚墟,所以姓姚……这种根据出生地来定的姓,就是平民阶级。 He is the Yao first person. In him is also only the age of fisherman, is the surname of no position. 他就是姚姓第一人。在他还只是渔夫的年代,属于没什么地位的姓。 As soon as others listen, what? Are you surnamed Yao? Others calculate, the heart said that has not sealed this surname , you are civilians. 别人一听,什么？你姓姚？人家一盘算,心说没封过这个姓啊,哦,你是平民。 But after all, Shun or the civilians, are not the outcastes, has the relativeness with the emperor, he has the qualifications to have the surname at least. 但总归来说,舜还是平民,不是贱民,跟帝有亲戚关系,他起码有资格拥有姓氏。 Later because is capable of being in addition filial, was recognized by Yao, assists Yao, had the government position. 之后因为有能力外加孝顺,被尧赏识,辅佐尧,有了官职。 Yao recognizes him very much, married him the daughter, and seals the shore of Gui water. 尧很赏识他,把女儿嫁给了他,并且封到妫水之滨。 Therefore Shun is official, had the aristocrat level, the feudal lord form surname , is also Gui. 于是舜正式的,拥有了贵族级的,诸侯形式的姓,也就是妫。 This is really an encouraging story...... 这真是个励志的故事…… As the Zhuanxu descendant, is not surnamed Ji, has a Yu clan, is not surnamed Yu. 身为颛顼后裔,不姓姬,身为有虞一族,不姓虞。 Is first surnamed Yao, latter surnamed Gui. From this detail, has been able to see, Yu Shun is rises from the lower class, finally becomes outstanding. His life, is the process that crawls upward, steps onto the life peak by oneself step by step. 先姓姚,后姓妫。从这点细节来看,就已经能看出,虞舜乃是从社会底层崛起,最终出人头地的。他的一生,是个往上爬的过程,靠自己一步步走上人生巅峰的。 Yu Shun this person, mounts the imperial throne finally, rules the world. Afterward, Yao, Gui, became the antiquity eight common surnames, expensive/noble not. 虞舜这个人,最后登上帝位,君临天下。以至于后来,姚姓、妫姓,都成了上古八大姓,贵不可言。 Spoke the Yao and Shun, has to raise turns over the throne to another system, I can only say, although there are to turn over the throne to another this behavior, but the back bloodiness and conspiracy, were nondistinctive with Wang Mang, Cao Pi, Sima Yan. 讲尧舜,不得不提禅让制,我只能说,尽管有禅让这个行为,但背后的血腥与阴谋,与王莽、曹丕、司马炎并无区别。 First read Shan Hai Jing, a truncation «Shan Hai Jing» original text about emperor Emperor Yao Shun: „Emperor Yao Tai, Emperor Ku stage and emperor pill Zhutai and emperor Shun Tai, respectively two, stage four directions, northeast Kunlun Mountains.” 先看山海经,截一段关于帝尧帝舜的《山海经》原文:“帝尧台、帝喾台、帝丹朱台、帝舜台,各二台,台四方,在昆仑东北。” Is few about Yao and Shun's record, some Shun facts, Yao almost did not have, has only mentioned emperor Yao Tai, making us know that he is an emperor. 关于尧舜的记载很少,舜还有一些事迹,尧就几乎没有了,只提及过帝尧台,让我们知道他是个帝。 Moreover, article about not turning over the throne to another matter. 另外,通篇没有关于禅让的事。 However even so, only used three characters, indirectly denied Confucianist that type to turn over the throne to another. 然而即便如此,也只用了三个字,就间接否定了儒家那种禅让。 ‚Emperor red’. ‘帝丹朱’。 Red is the emperor Yao's son, he is the emperor red, explained after emperor Yao dies, the emperor red succeeded to the throne. 丹朱是帝尧的儿子,他是帝丹朱,就说明帝尧死后,帝丹朱继位了。 Then for some reasons, after emperor red, was emperor Shun succeeds to the throne. 然后因为某种原因,帝丹朱之后,是帝舜继位了。 Why reveres the Confucianist method after alone, those who lived in ages recorded, emperor Yao did Chanrang give the emperor Shun? 为什么独尊儒术以后,历朝历代都记载,帝尧禅让给了帝舜呢？ First, emperor Yao, emperor red, emperor Shun, these three people in Shan Hai Jing, almost does not have any merit. 首先,帝尧、帝丹朱、帝舜,这三人在山海经里,就几乎没有任何功绩。 The early author, wrote various merits of various emperors, invents this, creates that this mystical, that mystical, is to seal/confer God does not die is the flying changes the nature. 早期的作者,写了各种帝的各种功绩,发明这个,创造那个的,这个神异,那个神异,又是封神又是不死又是飞天又是改变自然的。 Is one's turn these three emperors, actually almost doesn't have the merit? 轮到这三位帝,竟然几乎没有功绩？ Said, because of related to Yao and Shun Yu, subverts in Shan Hai Jing about their records, therefore Liu Xinshan? 还是说,因为涉及尧舜禹,关于他们的记载在山海经里太颠覆,所以刘歆删了？ When the Yao and Shun two emperors do not have the merit. 姑且就当尧舜二帝没有功绩吧。 According to my estimation, since Zhuanxu day passes certainly, Emperor to become, is not the generation of myth big merit, but looked whose influence supports to be most. 据我猜测,自颛顼绝地天通后,成帝者,已经不是神话般的大功德之辈了,而是看支持谁的势力最多。 Does not look at ‚destiny’, after Zhuanxu, the destiny turned into the will of the people. 已经不看‘天命’了,颛顼之后,天命变成了人心。 The behavior that Zhuanxu day passes certainly, causing the imperial authority to be higher than the theocracy, the politics is bigger than the religion, the benefit is higher than the belief. This thought that is later in 4000 later, one of the Huaxia most core humanistic thought that already brand mark to bone. 颛顼绝地天通的行为,导致皇权高于神权,政治大于宗教,利益高于信仰。这个思想,是之后四千年下来,华夏最核心的人文思想之一,已经烙印到了骨子里。 I cross well, is really the heaven enlarges ones vision. I cross not well, is the heaven does not have the eye. 我过得好,真是老天开眼。我过得不好,是老天无眼。 Whether there is Egypt has the history to record on several times of sacrificial offerings discards the pharaoh, seal not to mention, the religious circle is most member of the upper-class. **** What is highest is Khalifa, the religious leader, manages common custom all. 埃及有历史记载就有无数次祭祀把法老废掉,印・度更不用说,宗教人士才是最上等人。****最高的是哈里发,宗教领袖,统管世俗一切。 But in Huaxia, the emperor can hold a concurrent post of the religious leader, but religious leader not possible domination emperor. 但在华夏,帝王可以兼任宗教领袖,但是宗教领袖绝不可能凌驾帝王。 Who becomes the emperor, most serves the benefit of clans, who had the will of the people. 谁成为帝,最符合氏族们的利益,谁就有了人心。 Turns over the throne to another to be insufficient, generally is hereditary, assigns and vote three to unite. 禅让不至于,大抵是世袭、指定、投票三项合一。 Proposed earliest turns over the throne to another, was about Confucius. 最早提出禅让的,大约是孔子。 Confucius praised for a lifetime Yao and Shun Yu, said their benevolence, presents the ritual, is good at choosing a person, denies oneself thriftily, in brief said one pile of moral excellence. 孔子夸了一辈子尧舜禹,说他们仁德,奉礼,善于用人,节俭克己,总之说了一堆美德。 However Confucius has not written down the matter that turns over the throne to another...... 然而孔子并没有写下禅让的事…… This was very strange, Confucius praised Yao and Shun Yu for a lifetime, turns over the throne to another world in person biggest moral excellence, why doesn't put on the bamboo slip? 这就很奇怪了,孔子赞美了一辈子的尧舜禹,禅让天下于人这个最大的美德,为何不付诸于竹简上？ Naturally, the later generation said that Confucius often told matter that the Yao and Shun turns over the throne to another, therefore he has really said probably. 当然,后人都说孔子经常讲述尧舜禅让的事,所以他大概是真的说过吧。 But Confucius has not given precedence out of courtesy the world the Yao and Shun, writes in «Spring and Autumn Period», «Book of Change», possibly is...... does not dare? 但孔子没有把尧舜礼让天下,写在《春秋》、《周易》之中,可能是……不敢？ Only restores the Zhou rite, no one manages his political opinion, drifting about destitute half a lifetime, did propose let alone turns over the throne to another? 光恢复周礼,都没人理他的政治主张,以至于颠沛流离半生了,更何况还提出禅让？ Perhaps can not make good use! 恐怕更加不得重用了！ In order to be made good use by the monarchy, carries out the Confucian thoughts, rallies the ritual music, Confucius besides said the Yao and Shun to turn over the throne to another to the side disciple, on bamboo slip, but praised the Yao and Shun, never related in detail the concrete merit of Yao and Shun. 为了能受到君主重用,推行儒家思想,重整礼乐,孔子除了对身边弟子说尧舜禅让以外,在竹简上,只是赞美尧舜,却从未细说尧舜的具体功绩。 Wanted me saying that actually wrote was also all right, the feudal lord will not care, but can also overturn the heavens inadequately? Confucius was too discrete. 要我说,其实写了也没事,诸侯不会在意的,还能翻天不成？孔子太谨慎了。 Then, the first not caring a whoop feudal lord view, the matter that the Yao and Shun turns over the throne to another, those who write in the work is who? 那么,第一个丝毫不在意诸侯看法,将尧舜禅让的事,写在著作中的是谁呢？ Mozi. 墨子。 After Confucius, Mozi's disciple, Mozi's words and deeds, reads in " Mozi » work. 在孔子之后,墨子的弟子,将墨子的言行,写入《墨子》著作中。 And «Honoring capable officials» this mentioned: „Shun Geng in Lishan, the ceramic streamside, fishing Leize, Yao the positivity of taking Ze, lifts to think the emperor, with meeting the politics of the world, governs the people of the world.” 其中《尚贤》这一篇提到:“古者舜耕于厉山,陶河滨,渔雷泽,尧得之服泽之阳,举以为天子,与接天下之政,治天下之民。” Looked that the title knows, honoring capable officials, this is taking advantage of the emperor Yao's deeds, expressed Mozi to cherish the talent regarding the monarchy, the position of eagerly seeking people of talent. 看标题就知道,尚贤,这是借帝尧的事迹,表达墨子对于君主应该爱护贤才,求贤若渴的主张。 Position that Mozi honors capable officials, at that time was the extreme rebel, he thinks that was not only three Duke this class high officials must elect to hold the post capable, emperor, should select most sage. 墨子尚贤的主张,在当时是极度叛逆的,他认为不仅仅是三公这类的大官要选贤能担任,就连天子,也应该选出最贤者。 Flamboyant, if not for he will defend a city, is good at making the military instrument, this person life will be suppressed incomparably pitifully. 牛逼,若不是他会守城,善于制造军事器械,这个人一生会被打压地无比凄惨。 The matter must not possible fabricated, Confucius said on, «Mozi» put in the bamboo slip. 事必不可能无中生有,孔子挂在嘴边上,《墨子》付诸于竹简。 Yao does true turn over the throne to another in Shun? 难道尧真的禅让于舜？ This issue, some people have asked Mencius: „Yao by the world and Shun, there are various?” 这个问题,也有人问过孟子:“尧以天下与舜,有诸？” The meaning is, Yao gave Shun the world, has this matter? 意思就是,尧把天下让给了舜,有这事吗？ Mencius replied: „No, the emperor cannot by the world and person.” 孟子就回答了:“否,天子不能以天下与人。” Translation: Shut up! Gray beard! How the emperors can give others the world! 翻译:住口！苍髯老贼！天子怎么能把天下让给别人！ That person also asked: „Then Shun has the world, what better than it?” 那人又问:“然则舜有天下也,孰与之？” The meaning is: Felt strange, however Shun was the world, he was not the emperor Yao's son, who gave him? 意思就是:奇了怪了,然而舜就是得了天下啊,他不是帝尧的儿子,谁给他的？ Mencius said: „Day with it.” 孟子说:“天与之。” Translation: Destiny in Shun! 翻译:天命在舜！ This played the hooligan, regarding this, Mencius had an explanation: „Emperor can recommend person of in heaven, cannot cause the day with it world...... long ago, Yao Jianshun in people, but day by it, in of people violent, but the people by it...... Yao collapse, three years of mourning were finished, Shun Biyao son in the Nan River south, world feudal lord devotee, not Yao's son, but Shun, litigation, not Yao's son but Shun, eulogy, does not eulogize Yao's son to eulogize Shun, therefore said that also the day, husband then China, treads the emperor position.” 这就耍流氓了,对此,孟子有一番解释:“天子能荐人于天,不能使天与之天下……昔者,尧荐舜于人,而天受之,暴之于民,而民受之……尧崩,三年之丧毕,舜避尧之子于南河之南,天下诸侯朝觐者,不之尧之子而之舜,讼狱者,不之尧之子而之舜,讴歌者,不讴歌尧之子而讴歌舜,故曰,天也,夫然后之中国,践天子位焉。” Very long, probably in other words: The emperors can recommend the right person, but cannot give others the world directly. In the past Yao recommended Shun, the day approved. Also announced that to the world common people, the people also approved. After Yao dies, Shun defended the three-year mourning period, avoided Yao's son red, went to the Nan River south. Finally various tribe leaders, do not go on a pilgrimage red, but goes on a pilgrimage Shun. The matter of this/should trial, does not look for the red trial according to law, but asks Shun to judge. Everyone did not commend red, but commended Shun. Therefore: This is the divine intervention, therefore behind Shun is in charge of the country of center, sat the imperial throne. 很长,大概就是说:天子能推荐合适的人,但不能直接把天下让给别人。当年尧推荐了舜,天认可了。又公布给天下万民,民众也认可了。尧死后,舜守了三年丧,避开了尧的儿子丹朱,跑到了南河之南。结果各部落首领,都不朝觐丹朱,而朝觐舜。该依法审判的事,不找丹朱审判,而找舜去评断。人人都不称赞丹朱,而称赞舜。所以说:这就是天意,于是后面舜就入主中央之国,坐上了帝位。 Oh, Wang Mang imitated Shun. 哇塞,王莽原来是效仿舜啊。 Actually Mencius here, indirectly denied Yao to turn over the throne to another in Shun, because after Yao dies, Shun defended three years of filial piety, was far away from Yao's son, left the capital city, went to the Nan River south to treat, it is estimated that was assigned away from the capital itself on own initiative. 其实孟子这里,间接否定了尧禅让于舜,因为尧死后,舜守了三年孝,然后远离了尧的儿子,离开了都城,跑到了南河之南待着,估计是主动外放了自己。 The smart people, evade its point, saves the popular sentiment, finally mounts the imperial throne. 聪明人啊,避其锋芒,积蓄民心,最终登上帝位。 Mencius is tactful, has not refuted to turn over the throne to another view directly. 孟子还算委婉,并没有直接反驳禅让说法。 However to Xun Zi, he was very staunch. 但是到了荀子,他就很刚烈了。 «Xun Zi»: „Said the Yao and Shun to turn over the throne to another, was the lies, was the biography of shallow, humbleness says.” 《荀子》:“夫曰尧舜禅让,是虚言也,是浅者之传,陋者之说也。” The meaning is very clear: Your these people, always want to promote a flash news! Must say that Yao Chanrang gave Shun, purely nonsense! Is one crowd of superficial generation of blind biographies, one group of laughable people spoke irresponsibly! 意思很明确:你们这些人啊,总想搞个大新闻！非要说尧禅让给了舜,纯粹胡说八道！是一群浅薄之辈瞎传,一群可笑的人乱说的！ Xun Zi is fierce, refuted the Confucianist directly afterward one of the most fundamental rationales, Yao Chanshun. 荀子还是猛啊,直接驳斥儒家后来最根本的理论基础之一,尧禅舜。 This person is very objective, Confucius is publicizing three generations of governing his entire life, said that the antiquity was much good, now main road collapse. to become Tang, King Wen are the destiny add the body, Emperor Jie, business Zhou do not cultivate/repair the welldoing, was abandoned by the day institute. 这个人还是很客观的,孔子一生都在宣扬三代之治,说上古多好啊,现在大道崩坏了啊。成汤、文王都是天命加身,夏桀、商纣都是不修德行,被天所抛弃啊。 Finally Xun Zi came one: The day line has often, does not save for Yao, does not perish for Jie. 结果荀子就来了一句:天行有常,不为尧存,不为桀亡。 Straightforward! 耿直！ Gets what one deserves 322 «Xun Zi», was built 32 by Liu Xin. 活该322篇《荀子》,被刘歆修成了32篇。 Starts the official to determine that truly Yao Chanshun, is Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian, and detail thief are many. Han Dynasty in the future, was again more exaggerating, the Yao and Shun was getting better and better, the detail were also getting more and more. 真正开始官方确定尧禅舜的,是司马迁的史记,并且细节贼多。汉朝再往后,就更夸张了,尧舜越来越牛,细节也越来越多。 Moreover those who lived in ages, has the literature not to agree that Yao Chanshun, said Shun actually imprisoned Yao anything. 另外历朝历代,也都有文献不同意尧禅舜,说舜其实囚禁了尧什么的。 Can say the official to acknowledge, the folk has been questioning. Concrete I did not say that because Confucianist that type turns over the throne to another by virtue, is not very really realistic. 可以说官方承认,民间却一直在质疑。具体的我都不说了,因为儒家那种以德禅让,真的很不现实。 About issue that really turns over the throne to another, does not need to continue to prove again. 关于是不是真禅让的问题,没必要再继续论证下去。 However! 但是！ Arrived here, such negative turned over the throne to another to exist, I think. 到了这里,就这么否定禅让存在,我又觉得不行。 Because the matter must leave because! Why Confucius must say the Yao and Shun to turn over the throne to another, did you say him for the political objective? 因为事必出有因！为什么孔子要说尧舜禅让,你说他为了政治目的？ It is not right, for the political objective is Mozi! Therefore remembered. 不对,为了政治目的是墨子！所以记下来了。 Confucius has not made one record intentionally, explained that he wants saying that but does not dare, because academic everyone on society, at heart the gate was at that time clear, knows how the truth is. 孔子故意没让人记,说明他很想这么说,但是又不敢,因为当时社会上的学术大家们,心里门清,都知道事情的真相是怎样的。 If he remembered, does not need and other more than years later Xun Zi to spurt him, at that time some countless people spurted him. 他要是记下来了,不用等两百多年后的荀子喷他,当时就有无数人喷他了。 Therefore he has not written, since for the political objective, why he did not think that the Yao and Shun did turn over the throne to another? 所以他没写,既然不是为了政治目的,他为什么觉得尧舜禅让了呢？ Not long, I once was unfair to Confucius, thought that the Yao and Shun turns over the throne to another is he arranges. 曾几何时,我一度冤枉了孔子,觉得尧舜禅让都是他编的。 Until one day, me checked historically, had the explicit literature record earliest, first really turned over the throne to another monarchy. 直到有一天,我查到了历史上,最早有明确文献记载的,第一个真的禅让了的君主。 Is earlier than Wang Mang period, Warring States period, swallow Wangkuai. 是比王莽时期更早的,战国时期,燕王哙。 When was born does not know, but this person after Confucius dies about 160 years succeed to the throne, after Mozi dies , about 70 years succeed to the throne. 什么时候出生的不知道,但这个人是在孔子死后一百六十年左右继位,墨子死后七十年左右继位。 This person extreme ‚good virtue’ and ‚benevolence’. The happiness of nervous children, does not listen to the sound of bell stone, in does not stop the stagnant pool terrace and pavilion, outside does not brandish a spear hunts, holds Lei to cultivate/repair the field. 这个人极度的‘好贤’、‘仁爱’。不安子女之乐,不听钟石之声,内不湮污池台榭,外不挥戈田猎,又亲操耒以修畎亩。 To put it bluntly, this person thrifty self-torture, never holds the banquet greatly , not early pavilions, do not lead troops to go hunting casually, alarms the people, does not covet adore/admire to lead a life of comfort, but also farms frequently personally! 说白了,这个人节俭苦修,从不大开宴席,也不早亭台楼阁,更不随便带兵打猎,惊扰民众,丝毫不贪慕享乐,还经常亲自种地！ Such person, should be one generation of clear(ly), lifts toward high and low appraises to him extremely high, however he did a matter, almost put in order to perish Yan. 这样的人,本应该是一代明君,举朝上下都对他评价极高,然而他做了一件事,差点把燕国整亡了。 swallow Wangkuai the country, turned over the throne to another to own prime minister ‚child’. 燕王哙把国家,禅让给了自己的丞相‘子之’。 Subsequently provodes the domestic chaos, the crown prince to revolt directly, finally loses. Turned over the throne to another must? Qi took this as the reason directly, shortly after dispatched troops into battle to break Yan greatly, killed swallow Wangkuai and ‚child’, and propped up swallow Wangkuai the youngest son to succeed to the throne. 继而引发国内大乱,太子直接造反,结果兵败。禅让还得了？齐国直接以此为理由,不久后起兵大破燕国,杀了燕王哙和‘子之’,并扶植了燕王哙的小儿子继位。 Knows the modern people to his appraisal? Said that was swallow Wangkuai is flickered by the person of Confucianist, really believed what Yao Chanshun. 知道现代人对他的评价吗？说是燕王哙被儒家的人忽悠了,真相信什么尧禅舜。 Always, the appraisal to this person, to ridiculing Duke Xiang of Song is the same, ridiculed that his brain has the pit. 历来,对这个人的评价,就跟嘲笑宋襄公一样,嘲笑他脑子有坑。 I also think, until my careful historical data, the miraculous glow flashes suddenly. 我原本也是这么以为的,直到我仔细查史料,突然灵光一闪。 Also sprouts one possibility that a mainstream basic no one realized. 又萌生了一个主流基本没人意识到的一种可能性。 First, intention that swallow Wangkuai this has not actually turned over the throne to another, everyone can look, this person has extremely high moral intention. 首先,燕王哙其实本没有禅让的意图,大家可以看出来,这个人拥有极高的道德感。 In fact, the morals are also a desire looks, he is that wish is approved, was worshipped, making one admire to his lofty welldoing, that honorary pursuer. 事实上,道德也是一种欲・望,他就是那种想要被人认可,被人崇拜,让人对他的崇高德行高山仰止的,那种名誉追求者。 To put it bluntly, the show is crazy! 说白了,作秀狂！ swallow does king farm personally? The discerning people can look at any meaning, but has saying that has the creativity extremely, afterward those who lived in ages, many kings studied him to farm...... to indicate that loves clearly such as, takes seriously the agriculture. 燕王亲自去种地？明眼人都看得出来啥意思,但不得不说,极有创意,后来历朝历代,很多君王都学他种地……以表明爱明如子,重视农耕。 However although is a show is crazy, but he is not a fool. Turns over the throne to another? Funny? 不过虽然是个作秀狂,但是他不是傻子。禅让？逗呢？ Therefore why did he turn over the throne to another? 所以他到底为什么禅让了呢？ I check am because, had a person named deer Maoshou at that time, offers advice to him: „Might as well let child it by the country. The saying of Yao sage person, lets the world by it in permits by, permits by, did not have to let the name of the world , but solid does not lose the world. Now the king concedes to child it by the country, child must not dare to receive, is the king and Yao travels together.” 我查到是因为,当时有个叫鹿毛寿的人,给他出主意:“不如以国让相子之。人之谓尧贤者,以其让天下于许由,许由不受,有让天下之名而实不失天下。今王以国让于子之,子之必不敢受,是王与尧同行也。” The meaning is: You give the prime minister the country, everyone said that the reason of emperor Yao very virtue, is emperor Yao must give permits the world by, permits is not wanted, therefore emperor Yao had reputation that turns over the throne to another world, but in fact, has not actually lost the world. Now the swallow king you give the prime minister the country, the prime minister do not dare to accept inevitably! As the matter stands, the swallow king you are different to emperor Yao, was the welldoing to the high generation? 意思就是:你把国家让给丞相吧,人人都说帝尧很贤的原因,是帝尧要把天下让给许由,许由不要,于是帝尧有了禅让天下的美名,而却实际上,并没有失去天下。现在燕王您把国家让给丞相,丞相必然不敢接受！这样一来,燕王您不就与帝尧一样,都是德行至高之辈了吗？ Day show! 天秀！ To put it bluntly, on the mouth said turns over the throne to another, is actually others refused, to brush the prestige. 说白了,嘴上说禅让,其实就是等别人拒绝,刷声望。 swallow Wangkuai thought that is worth doing, naturally, he is not a fool, light/only others a few words turn over the throne to another, is not definitely good. If by some chance others did accept? 燕王哙觉得值得一做,当然,他也不是傻子,光别人一句话就禅让,肯定不行。万一人家接受了呢？ Therefore also the person told him: „Yu Jianyi, to open the artificial government official later on. And old, but to open artificially insufficient, no matter what world, in of benefit biography. Later on will open and hand over the party to attack the profit, seizes it. The world said Yu Mingchuan world in benefit, later on the solid command will open brings on oneself it. Now king word vassal state in child it, but the government official nothing but crown prince person, is the child, but the solid crown prince uses the matter.” 于是又有一个人跟他说:“禹荐益,已而以启人为吏。及老,而以启人为不足任乎天下,传之于益。已而启与交党攻益,夺之。天下谓禹名传天下于益,已而实令启自取之。今王言属国于子之,而吏无非太子人者,是名属子之而实太子用事也。” This is quite complex, actually the meaning is very simple: Dayu recommends the uncle to benefit succeeds to the throne, artificial government official who actually appoints son summer start/open. When to died quickly, Yu said that the summer opens is not enough to take on the world, therefore passed on the position to give the uncle to benefit. Result full Korean Wudu was summer start/open the person, summer start/open leads the partisan to attack to kill the uncle directly to benefit, captured the world. Therefore the world spreads Dayu's big welldoing, said that he passes on to benefit to the uncle. Reason that the summer opens finally succeeds to the throne, is the world that because summer start/open seize, violated Yu's meaning, is not Dayu's mistake. 这段比较复杂,其实意思很简单:大禹推荐伯益继位,却都任命自己儿子夏启的人为官吏。到了快死时,禹说夏启不足以担当天下,于是传位给了伯益。结果满朝文武都是夏启的人,夏启直接带着党羽攻杀伯益,夺取了天下。于是天下都流传大禹的大德行,说他传位给伯益。之所以最后夏启继位,是因为夏启自己去夺来的天下,违背了禹的意思,不是大禹的过错。 Now the swallow king you turns over the throne to another country to the prime minister, but full Korean Wudu is the person of crown prince, is the surface passes on to the prime minister, in fact crown prince. 现在燕王您把国家禅让给丞相,但满朝文武都是太子的人,就是表面传位给丞相,实际上还是太子的。 swallow Wangkuai listens, perfect! 燕王哙一听,完美！