In other words: „Gun not watering, stops up strictly, wants to prevent the flood, but does the manpower resist with the nature? Finally is defeated, but Dayu fully realized that stops up was inferior the sparse truth, with the way of quarrying a mountain conduction current, divulges the Yellow River, governs the flood, can succeed.” 也就是说:“鲧不通水性,严加堵塞,想要阻挡洪水,可人力如何与大自然相抗？最终失败,而大禹深知堵不如疏的道理,采用开山导流的方式,宣泄黄河,治理洪水,得以成功。” The above is the story of Dayu's water governance everyone is familiar. 以上就是大家耳熟能详的大禹治水的故事。 However is the fact so really simple? In Shan Hai Jing has more details. 然而事实真就这么简单吗？山海经里有更多的细节。 Gun Bingfei does not know that stops up is sparse, «Shan Hai Jing North Serious famine Passing through»: „Has the siberian elm mountain. Has the mountain of Gun Gongcheng state.” 鲧并非不知道堵不如疏,《山海经・大荒北经》:“有榆山。有鲧攻程州之山。” Here expressly wrote, Gun also ‚attacking’ some mountains. 这里明确写了,鲧也‘攻’过一些山。 Gun also understood that quarries a mountain to chisel the road, dredges the flood. Was why he failed? But did Yu actually succeed? 鲧也是懂得开山凿路,疏通洪水的。那为什么他失败了？而禹却成功了呢？ I talked about three reasons to everyone. 我给大家说三个原因。 First, inexperienced, ability is limited. 第一,经验不足、能力有限。 Gun although also quarries a mountain to chisel the road, but he is a trail blazer, no one has possibly done that before him, is most difficult to be the first person. 鲧虽然也开山凿路,但是他是先驱者,在他之前可能没人这么做过,最难莫过于第一人。 It looks like abolishes the Chinese character, the assertor is the new cultural trail blazer. They to give the country look for a way out, is opens the road of collapsing under the vacant, chaotic and external shock. 就像是废除汉字,主张者无不是新文化先驱者。他们是为了给国家找出路,乃在茫然、混乱与外来冲击之下开辟破局之路。 Wrong many, the mistake are many, is very normal. 错误多,失误多,是非常正常的。 mountain Jingli recorded so many mountain range river systems, is Yu reorganizes? Also not complete, but is the experience that his family all previous generations save. 山经里记载了那么多山脉水系,都是禹整理的吗？也不尽然,而是他的家族历代所积攒的经验。 Qin Shi Huang series six countries, when is exerts sixth fierce. Including having six generations of clear(ly), the huge merit, fell on Ying Zheng finally. But this merit 80% , since Xiao of Qin starts, for the generation overlay. 秦始皇一统六国,也是奋六世之余烈。连出六代明君,最终天大的功劳,落到了嬴政头上。可这功劳百分之八十,得从秦孝公开始算起,代代叠加。 Regulates waterways each generation to have each generation of contributions, person who Yu ultimately completes the puzzle. 治水每一代都有每一代的贡献,禹只是最后完成拼图的人。 This also why Shun trusts Yu, the reason that gives their families regulating waterways, their family/home generation regulating waterways, is the regulating waterways prestigious family. 这也是为何舜信任禹,还是把治水交给他们家族的原因,他们家世代治水,乃是治水名门。 Even if Gun open/start fiasco, but actually Shun possibly also knows, Gun dies is a little injust. 纵然鲧开了个大失败,可其实舜可能也知道,鲧死的有点冤。 Gun Zhishui, cannot govern the Yellow River for various reasons, Gun are knows that he is have several, this ‚steals the emperor breath soil, to stop flood’. 鲧治水因为种种原因,没能治理好黄河,鲧自己是知道的,他心里是有数的,这才‘窃帝息壤,以湮洪水’。 This steals the character very essence, this is deliberate, really waited for the flood to arrive, he stole radically without enough time. 这个窃字就很精髓,这是有预谋的,真等洪水已经到了,他根本来不及偷。 In other words, after a Gun operation, regarding the flood season rainstorm , the Yellow River will soon break the dike, he can look. Naturally, has not calculated too early, approximately ahead of time for day to the half of the day about. 也就是说,鲧一通操作后,对于汛期暴雨下,黄河即将破堤,他是看得出来的。当然,也没有算太早,大约提前了一天到半天左右。 He knows that oneself quarrying a mountain chisels the operation of group of flood discharge to be defeated, he knows that a big flood floods immediately, he does not have the means that, can only steal the breath soil to stop up without enough time, makes final struggling. 他知道自己的开山凿路泄洪的操作会失败,他知道一场大洪水马上淹过来,他没有办法,来不及了,只能偷了息壤去堵,做最后的挣扎。 «Shan Hai Jing»: „Flood is dreadful, breath of soil Emperor Gun Qie by the bury flood, does not need the emperor to assign/life. The emperor assigns/life to wish kills Gun in Yujiao friendly. Gun Fusheng Yu, the emperor was assigns/life Yu Zubu the Turkey , Israel to decide Nine Provinces.” 《山海经》:“洪水滔天,鲧窃帝之息壤以堙洪水,不待帝命。帝命祝融杀鲧于羽郊。鲧复生禹,帝乃命禹卒布土以定九州。” What then the breath soil is? 那么息壤到底是什么呢？ The legend breath soil is will change many earth, Eastern Han Dynasty tall You explained saying: „Rest earth non- depletion, the profit of digging are many, therefore to fill in the flood.” 传说息壤是自己会变多的土,东汉高诱注解说:“息土不耗减,掘之益多,故以填洪水。” This illustration, misled people about in 2000, regulated waterways to Gun Yu directly added the myth color. Also to the modern great antiquity class/flow novel, increased a big innate Lingbao. 这个注解,误导了人们将近两千年,直接给鲧禹治水更添了神话色彩。也给现代洪荒流小说,增添了一大先天灵宝。 Does not know that you still do remember this person, this tall You, is illustration ‚Chang E, Yi wife also’, sent the fellow of marriage certificate to two big antiquity characters. 不知道你们还记不记得这个人,这个高诱,也是注解‘嫦娥,羿妻也’,给俩大上古人物发结婚证的家伙。 In other words, his two illustrations, established breath soil such myth goods, love story that opened Chang E Houyi. 也就是说,他两个注解,一个设定了息壤这样的神话物品,一个开辟了嫦娥后羿的爱情故事。 Flamboyant! 牛逼！ Thereupon, to Jin Dynasty Guo Puzhu, with writing: „Rest soil, saying the earth is infinite from the long breath, can therefore the stopper flood.” 于是乎,到了晋朝郭璞注,跟着写道:“息壤者,言土自长息无限,故可以塞洪水也。” They really do not know that what is the breath soil? Perhaps they were only intentionally the mystical antiquity characters. 他们真的不知道什么是息壤吗？也许他们只是故意神异上古人物罢了。 «Shuowen»: Soil, supple earth. 《说文》:壤,柔土也。 «By Graduated arm Exuberant»: Deep plowing thin hoe, thick additional muck. 《论衡・率性》:深耕细锄,厚加粪壤。 Eastern Han Dynasty Liu Xi «Released Name Released» said: Soil, rang, fat immerse intent. 东汉刘熙的《释名・释地》说:壤,瀼也,肥濡意也。 Southern Dynasty beam, Gu Yewang «Yu pian» said: The place the slow fertilizer said the soil. 南朝梁,顾野王的《玉篇》说:地之缓肥曰壤。 In other words, the fertile moderate land is calls ‚soil’. 也就是说,肥沃缓和的土地就是叫‘壤’。 Zheng Xuan of Three Kingdom era you should listen, study everyone, he explains the Zhou rite to write: „Soil , the earth, changes the word ear. Said the earth by the myriad things spontaneity. earth, still spits. Plows and plants the arboriculture, then said the soil. Soil, gentle appearance.” 三国时期的郑玄你们应该听过,经学大家,他注解周礼写:“壤,亦土也,变言耳。以万物自生焉则言土。土,犹吐也。以人所耕稼树艺焉,则言壤。壤,和缓之貌。” I do not translate, told you directly, the soil, was to a name of specific earth. 我就不翻译了,直接告诉你们,壤,是对一种特定土的名称。 The open country long grass lives the flower place, called the earth. But can be used to cultivate earth of crops, called the soil. 野外自己长草生花的地,叫土。而能被人用来耕种庄稼的土,则叫壤。 May plow the meaning of place. But on the soil the crops, are dividing steadily called the field. 可耕之地的意思而已。而壤上长着庄稼,划分成一块块的则叫田。 Is that what the breath? 那什么叫息呢？ This nothing more to be said that breath, difference air/Qi. 这个没啥好说的,息,出入气也。 Therefore in the breath soil, Gun Yu regulates waterways the meaning, was expanded earth that for can breathe, it is lives, can grow, namely so-called ‚earth is infinite from the long breath’. 于是息壤,鲧禹治水里的意思,就被人引申为了会呼吸的土,它是活的,可以生长,即所谓‘土自长息无限’。 Then, what meaning is the breath soil? 那么,息壤到底是什么意思呢？ Western Han Dynasty «Huainanzi Terrain Lesson» recorded: „Land lived...... light Tolgot by its kind respectively, the heavy earth many late...... therefore the compact earth person just, weak aborigine cui. Humus soil people, the sandy soil person is thin. Rest aborigine beautiful, the poor soil person is ugly.” 西汉《淮南子・地形训》记载:“土地各以其类生……轻土多利,重土多迟……是故坚土人刚,弱土人脃。垆土人大,沙土人细。息土人美,耗土人丑。” The surface translates, is side water and soil raises side people. The people in light earth are agile, the person on heavy earth is slow, the person on compact earth is firm, the people in weak earth are delicate, the person on humus soil is big, the person on sandy soil is diminutive, the people in breath earth are attractive, the person on poor soil is very ugly. 表面翻译一下,就是一方水土养一方人。轻土上的人敏捷,重土上的人迟钝,坚土上的人刚强,弱土上的人柔弱,垆土上的人高大,沙土上的人矮小,息土上的人漂亮,耗土上的人很丑。 I did not translate with you completely, because of 22 contrasts, is actually the hard and soft and firm weak differences. 我就不跟你们全部翻译了,因为两两对比,其实都是刚柔、坚弱的区别。 The heavy earth, compact earth, humus soil and poor soil, refer to heavy, hard, pitch-black and split earth respectively. 重土、坚土、垆土、耗土,分别指沉重、坚硬、乌黑、干裂的土。 But the light earth and weak earth, sandy soil and breath earth, refer to frivolously, loose, gravel and fertile earth respectively. 而轻土、弱土、沙土、息土,分别指轻浮、松散、砂砾、肥沃的土。 The breath earth, is excellent earth. 息土,乃是极好的土。 At the beginning of Eastern Han Dynasty «Nine Chapters of Arithmetic», wrote an issue: „Now has to put on, accumulates 10,000 chi (0.33 m), is it various firm soil geometries?” 东汉初期的《九章算术》,就写了一个问题:“今有穿地,积一万尺,其为坚壤各几何？” A very simple application topic, „answered: For the firm 7500 chi (0.33 m), is the soil 12,500 chi (0.33 m).” 一个很简单的应用题,“答曰:为坚七千五百尺,为壤一万二千五百尺。” Why? „Technique said: Puts on four, is the soil five, is firm three, is the ruins four.” 为什么呢？“术曰:穿地四,为壤五,为坚三,为墟四。” Because the volume of ordinary place is four, then the volume of soil is five, the volume of earth of ramming is three, the volume of earth of mound ruins is also four. 因为普通地的体积是四,那么壤的体积就是五,夯实之土的体积就是三,丘墟之土的体积也是四。 Putting on is the ordinary place, the open country casually ground itself/Ben is puts on together. The ruins earth as the name suggests, is mound Xu earth, actually is also the ordinary earth, because not the turned plow has irrigated. 穿地是普通的地,野外随便一块地基本就是穿地。墟土顾名思义,就是丘墟的土,其实也是普通土,因为没有被翻犁灌溉过。 «Nine Chapters of Arithmetic Notes», „soil saying breath earth, said to build the earth firmly.” 《九章算术注》,“壤谓息土,坚谓筑土。” Builds earth that the earth rams, is used to build the construction dike and so on. 筑土就是夯实的土,用来垒土建堤之类的。 This is an introduction proportion, under same quality, rammed earth, the volume is soil 3/5, the earth of earth and ruins of ordinary place, the volume is soil 4/5. 这就是介绍个比例,同等质量下,夯实的土,体积是壤的五分之三,普通地的土和废墟的土,体积都是壤的五分之四。 The soil is the density is very low, very soft earth, was irrigated by the artificial ploughing. 壤是密度很低,非常松软的土,被人为翻耕灌溉出来的。 In other words, the soil is the land of softest fertile supple honey. 也就是说,壤是最松软肥沃柔蜜的土地。 ‚Soil saying breath earth’, the breath earth is earth that the soft fat honey arrives at as if can breathe, the ancient will extol, lives will be very attractive in the person of breath earth. ‘壤谓息土’,息土已经是松软肥蜜到仿佛会呼吸的土了,古人赞颂,生活在息土的人会很漂亮。 Then ‚breath’ ‚soil’ these two words merge, is fertile? 那么‘息’‘壤’这两个词合并,又是何等肥沃？ earth, the breath earth and breath soil, three big ranks, are actually the inferior earth, superior earth, with the earth of super experimental plot. 土、息土、息壤,三大等级,其实就是下等土,上等土,和超级试验田之土。 Conceivable, its was irrigated to sprinkle liquid manure specially, turns the plow repeatedly, floods the nitrogen phosphorus potassium, is the gold/metal clump, likely is the garden soil of emperor, the earth of imperial manor. Therefore called the breath of soil emperor. 可以想象,它被专门灌溉浇肥,反复翻犁,充斥氮磷钾,全是金坷垃,很可能是帝的花园土壤,皇庄之土。所以叫帝之息壤。 Explained so many, you can believe directly, the breath soil was at that time, the most precious, fertile irrigation highest-level soil. 解读了这么多,你们可以直接认为,息壤乃是当时,最最最最珍贵,肥沃浇灌的最高级土壤。 Until now, the ancients know that the breath soil is anything, emperor flower garden mold, entire day under most fertile earth. 一直以来,古人都知道息壤是什么,帝之花园土而已,全天下最肥沃的土。 The father of our hybrid rice, in experimental plot of Professor Yuan, used is ‚breath soil’. 咱们杂交水稻之父,袁教授的试验田里,用的就是‘息壤’。 Just, breath soil name, after the antiquity, no longer used, transformed into referring in particular to gradually in the past Gun to steal earth, afterward person, only breath building and construction projects for highest-level, but did not have breath soil differentiating grade. 只不过,息壤这个名字,从上古以后,不再用了,渐渐转变为特指当年鲧偷的土,后来的人,只把息土作为最高级,而没有了息壤这个等级划分。 Therefore can tempt this person high, the space of display, breath soil deification. 所以才能给高诱这种人,发挥的空间,将息壤神化。 In summary, looks at «Shan Hai Jing» again: „Flood is dreadful, breath of soil Emperor Gun Qie by the bury flood, does not need the emperor to assign/life. The emperor assigns/life to wish kills Gun in Yujiao friendly. Gun Fusheng Yu, the emperor was assigns/life Yu Zubu the Turkey , Israel to decide Nine Provinces.” 综上,再看《山海经》:“洪水滔天,鲧窃帝之息壤以堙洪水,不待帝命。帝命祝融杀鲧于羽郊。鲧复生禹,帝乃命禹卒布土以定九州。” We know immediately, Gun the flower of garden mold emperor , took away to stop up the flood secretly...... 我们便就知道,鲧是把帝之花园土,给偷了,拿去堵洪水…… This is equivalent, when 93 years of my family flooding water, runs to steal Professor Yuan the earth of experimental plot, the gunnysack pack, throws to be the same toward the floods. 这就相当于,93年我家这边发洪水时,跑去把袁教授的试验田之土偷来,麻袋打包,往洪水里扔一样。 The breath soil certainly in the high place, in the place that the flood cannot flood, otherwise in that time, had been flushed did not have, the flood came, will not decide on the nature of the guilt by this. 息壤一定是在高处,是在洪水淹不到的地方,不然在那个时代,早就被冲没了,洪水来了,也不会以此论罪。 First did not discuss to wrong, dug the breath soil to fill in flood behavior in the antiquity, certainly did. 先不谈对错,挖了息壤填洪水这个行为在上古,一定是作死的。 The fact indeed, Gun was so taken into custody the suburb of Feather Mountain, was sent to wish by the emperor punishes properly according to law friendly. 事实的确如此,鲧被羁押到羽山之郊,然后被帝派祝融明正典刑了。 Then this emperor, who is? Why Gun does this, ran to take the breath soil to fill in the flood? Does not know that does that will die? Why doesn't need the emperor to assign/life? 那么这个帝,到底是谁呢？鲧又为何如此作死,跑去拿息壤填洪水了呢？不知道这么做会死吗？为何不待帝命？ Besides Shan Hai Jing, early what records Gun was Eastern Zhou Dynasty «Shangshu», the regulator was Confucius. 除山海经外,最早记录鲧的是东周的《尚书》,整理者为孔子。 Accounts for the number of words, is obscure, I did not paste the original text, «Records of the Grand Historian» also recorded this content, inherited Yao Dian completely, and added that the regulator was Sima Qian. 太占字数,非常晦涩,我就不贴原文了,《史记》也记载了这段内容,完全继承尧典,并添了一些,整理者为司马迁。 I Shangshu and Records of the Grand Historian integration, translate the view of Confucianist directly probably. 我将尚书和史记统合,直接大概翻译一下儒家的说法。 The general idea/careless is: The flood is dreadful, how gets down the people to summon to solve, whom emperor Yao sought information to everyone sends to regulate waterways, is ‚official title during the spring and autumn period for the person in charge of public works’ the position. 大意为:洪水滔天,下民都在呼唤着如何解决,帝尧向大家征询派谁去治水,担任‘工师’之职位。 The official title during the spring and autumn period for the person in charge of public works is long of all various crafts, you can understand for the highest senior official of artisan. Regulates waterways this matter, definitely is the duty of artisans, therefore appointed the official title during the spring and autumn period for the person in charge of public works at that time, is the regulating waterways governor. 工师即百工之长,你们可以理解为工匠的最高长官。治水这事,肯定是工匠们的任务,所以当时任命工师,就是治水总督。 Happy pocket recommends labor to hold the post, at this time the happy pocket clan was also not four crimes. But is Yao's son red department, I am indefinite, for the time being is only regarded as a Yao's trusted aide clan. 讙兜氏推荐共工氏担任,这时候讙兜氏族还不是四罪。但到底是不是尧的儿子丹朱一系,我不确定,姑且只当做是尧的心腹一族。 Regarding recommendation altogether labor, Yao direct did not say good. 对于举荐共工氏,尧直接说不行。 Emperor Yao appraises altogether the labor honeyed words, complying in public but opposing in private, is seemingly respectful, in fact profanes to the heaven disrespects. Original text( static word disobeys common, like respectful dreadful). 帝尧评价共工花言巧语,阳奉阴违,貌似恭敬,实际上对上天轻慢不敬。原文(静言庸违,象恭滔天)。 However the happy pocket said that tries, did not have other candidate. 但是讙兜说试一下吧,没有别的人选了。 Therefore emperor Yao made the labor try, the result was ‚trying, but idle work, therefore the common people were inconvenient’. 于是帝尧让共工试了一下,结果是‘试之而无功,故百姓不便’。 Then emperor Yao also asked four mountains. Four mountains are also the military administration ministers in east, south, west, and north four areas, for the time being thinks four big governors, emperor Yao directly under middle, is ‚country’ area. 然后帝尧又问四岳。四岳也就是东南西北四个地区的军政大臣,姑且认为四大总督吧,帝尧自己直辖中部,也就是‘中・国’地区。 Four Yue recommends Gun to regulate waterways completely, however emperor Yao did not say good, the reason is Gun this person ‚side Mingpi the clan’. 四岳全部都推荐鲧去治水,然而帝尧却也说不行,理由是鲧这个人‘方命圮族’。 The side life meaning for does not obey order the order. Collapsing clan meaning to harm clansman. 方命意思为不遵守命令。圮族意思为危害族人。 Four mountains were also said that please try, emperor Yao complied. 四岳也是说请试一下吧,帝尧答应了。 The trial result is „nine years, twists becomes with”, nine years of futile. 试的结果是“九载,绩用弗成”,九年徒劳无功。 Later the San miao is happen to also rebelling, therefore ‚class/flow altogether labor in quiet tomb, to change northern Di. Puts the huan pocket in lofty mountain, to change non-Chinese southern person. Moves the San miao in three to endanger, to change Xi Rong. Kills Gun in Feather Mountain, to change Dongyi.’ 之后三苗正好也在叛乱,所以‘流共工於幽陵,以变北狄。放驩兜於崇山,以变南蛮。迁三苗於三危,以变西戎。殛鲧於羽山,以变东夷。’ Confucianist writing, four crimes in light of this. Attention, this is the four crime reasons in Records of the Grand Historian, rather than reality. 儒家笔下,四罪就此而成。注意,这是史记里的四罪原因,而非现实。 I deliberately considered, this doesn't fling the pot? Altogether labor by four crimes, because of regulating waterways idle work? The huan pocket by four crimes , because the recommendation guaranteed altogether the labor, with it with crime? The San miao is not no need saying that Chi You descendant, had not fused, is frequently restless. Gun by four crimes, in Records of the Grand Historian also because of nine years of idle work. 我寻思,这不甩锅吗？共工被四罪,是因为治水无功？驩兜被四罪,是因为推荐担保了共工,与之同罪？三苗不必说,蚩尤后裔,一直也没融合完,经常闹腾。鲧被四罪,在史记里也只是因为九年无功。 Sima Qian is high-level, this not incompetent wild with rage...... 司马迁高级黑啊,这不无能狂怒吗…… Above, many many writings in classical style, I have not pasted, stems from «Shangshu» as well as «Records of the Grand Historian». 以上,有很多很多文言文,我没贴出来,出自《尚书》以及《史记》。 Regarding this, my appraisal is...... without a doubt, makes out of whole cloth. 对此,我的评价是……毫无疑问,瞎编的。 The person's of antiquity dialogue, the successor knew a hammer! 上古之人的对话,后来人知道个锤子！ However we can the jet braking. Sima Qian basically copies verbatim Shangshu, in Shangshu that but Confucius reorganizes, the specific reason that has not exiled four crimes, only said the recommendation, tries, futile and so on. 不过我们可以反推。司马迁是基本照抄尚书,只不过孔子整理的尚书里,并没有流放四罪的具体原因,只说举荐啊,试一试啊,徒劳无功啊之类的。 And about emperor Yao, regarding Gun's appraisal, is earliest regarding the appraisal of Gun this person. 其中关于帝尧,对于鲧的评价,是最早对于鲧这个人的评价。 „side Mingpi the clan”, this appraisal is very interesting, does not listen to the order, harms the clansman. “方命圮族”,这个评价很有意思,不听命令,危害族人。 This verified in Shan Hai Jing exactly ‚does not need the emperor to assign/life’. 这恰好印证了山海经里的‘不待帝命’。 Therefore other anything talked, listens to happily on the line, only for reference. However that ‚side life’ the appraisal, we can approve, because in Shan Hai Jing also wrote. 所以别的什么对话,听个乐就行,仅供参考。但是那‘方命’的评价,我们可以认可,因为山海经里也写了。 In other words, in the person eye of spring and autumn period, emperor Yao does not like Gun very much, thinks that Gun this person likes not listening to his order. 也就是说,在春秋时期的人眼里,帝尧很不喜欢鲧,认为鲧这个人喜欢不听他的命令。 Does not listen to the leader to order, will the leadership entrust with an important task? Therefore emperor Yao does not want to make Gun regulate waterways. 不听领导命令,领导怎么会委以重任？所以帝尧很不想让鲧去治水。 But four mountains recommend Gun, making him try, therefore emperor Yao made Gun regulate waterways very much grudgingly, after all the flood was dreadful. 但四岳都推荐鲧,让他试试,所以帝尧很不情愿地让鲧去治水了,毕竟洪水滔天。 We are conceivable, candidate who emperor Yao do not want, does he possibly full power support? 我们可以想象,帝尧自己不愿意的人选,他怎么可能全力支持呢？ How dead about Gun, Qu Yuan mentioned in «Li Sao»: ‚Gun Xingzhi by the perishing body, at last is of young the wildness feather’. 关于鲧怎么死的,屈原在《离骚》里提及了:‘鲧婞直以亡身兮,终然夭乎羽之野’。 xing, stubborn stubborn, does not obey. 婞,倔强固执,不听从。 This doesn't need to translate? intent is not curved, expand to rigidly. 直,这个不必翻译了吧？意为不弯,引申为刚直。 Is frank, how I think do, how to do. I do not want you to think, I want me to think. 就是直性子,我认为怎么做,就怎么做。我不要你以为,我要我以为。 xing is straight, contradicts stubbornly, is not smooth, staunch frank, the brain does not make a turn. 婞直,就是顽固顶撞,不圆滑,刚烈直率,脑子不转弯。 The meaning of Qu Yuan this saying to be very clear: Because Gun this person ‚xing is straight’ dies, finally ends up suddenly/violently corpse the wilderness in Feather Mountain. 屈原这话的意思很明白:鲧这个人因为‘婞直’而死,最终落得暴尸于羽山的荒郊野外。 This was also complying with «Shan Hai Jing» in: „Does not need the emperor to assign/life. The emperor assigns/life to wish kills Gun Yuyu suburb friendly.” 这也正应了《山海经》里的:“不待帝命。帝命祝融杀鲧于羽郊。” Those words, we take Shan Hai Jing as the standard, «Shangshu», «Li Sao», although was the literature of Eastern Zhou Dynasty period, but since in this appraisal, has not come and gone out with Shan Hai Jing, explained that Gun in the pre-Qin period, everyone also knows that what person he was. 还是那句话,我们以山海经为准,《尚书》、《离骚》虽然是东周时期的文献,可既然在这个评价上,与山海经没有出入,说明鲧在先秦时期,大家也都知道他是个什么样的人。 Confucius has the political objective, therefore he writes Gun ‚not to listen to order’, but also continues, behind adds on ‚harms clansman’. Behind really harms the entire clan to exile, explained that emperor Yao was a good judge of character clear(ly). Confucius this is must serve as contrast emperor Yao. 孔子有政治目的,所以他写鲧‘不听命令’,还不止,后面加上‘危害族人’。后面果然害得全族流放,说明帝尧识人之明。孔子这是要衬托帝尧。 But the standpoint in Qu Yuan this aspect, he has not been writes " Day Asking » person, when regarding some profound wonderful and suspicious antiquities, holds puzzled, even questioned. 而屈原并没有这方面的立场,他是写出《天问》的人,对于一些玄奇、可疑的上古之时,抱有许多困惑,甚至质疑。 Qu Yuan directly in supposes in the character to Gun's person, does not have any question, appraises him because of straightforwardly not to make a turn dead directly. 屈原直接在对鲧的人设性格上,没有任何质疑,直接评价他因耿直不转弯而死。 We can believe, this has very high credibility, particularly corresponded with Shan Hai Jing on. 我们可以认为,这有很高的可信度,尤其是与山海经对应上了。 Then, sees here, I think that you have also combed the historical original condition. 那么,看到这里,我想你们也已经梳理出历史原貌了。 Unifies above all clues that I explain, I see how Gun dies. 结合以上我解读的所有线索,我已经明白鲧是怎么死的了。 He is straightforward, stubborn stubborn. Emperor Yao shuts out him very much, because Gun always adheres stubbornly to own opinions, does not listen to his order. 他性情耿直,顽固倔强。帝尧很嫌弃他,因为鲧总是固执己见,不听他的命令。 The world is emperor Yao, he encourages the wide airing of views, everyone can recommend and suggest, person who may order finally, is certain is emperor Yao. 天下都是帝尧的,他广开言路,大家都可以推荐、建议,可最终下命令的人,一定得是帝尧。 But Gun this person? Not long brain, so long as his suggestion, without were accepted by emperor Yao, Gun will not wait for the emperor Yao's order, does directly. 而鲧这个人呢？不长脑子,只要他的建议,没有被帝尧接受,鲧就会不等帝尧的命令,直接去做。 This person, emperor Yao is willing to make him lead all various crafts to blame, emotional quotient was too low, the political consciousness is zero. 这种人,帝尧愿意让他领导百工就怪了,情商太低了,政治觉悟为零。 It can be imagined, Gun's regulating waterways, being beset with difficulties, emperor Yao is impossible full power to support him. 可想而知,鲧的治水,困难重重,帝尧根本不可能全力支持他。 Has not led the support of higher authorities, without various aspects gives the green light broadly, even possibly also some people obstruct. 没有领导上级们的支持,没有各方面的广开绿灯,甚至可能还有人阻挠。 Braces oneself to do depending on Gun Guer generally, what result can make? 光凭鲧孤儿一般硬着头皮去做,能做出什么成绩？ Nine years later, Gun has the theory that one set stops up, combs and uses, may completion be too low. 九年下来,鲧有一套堵、梳并用的理论,可完成度太低了。 The Yellow River was in flood, the Yellow River is always in flood, Gun had expected that the flood, how long the dike will unable to support, the bursting class/flow of small stock, quick will turn into the innumerable large share the mighty currents, the downstream common people will fall into the dreadful flood. 黄河还是泛滥了,黄河总是泛滥,鲧已经预料到了洪水将至,堤坝根本支撑不了多久,小股的溃流,很快就会变成无数大股的洪流,下游百姓将陷入滔天洪水之中。 Regarding this, he can only keep reinforcing the dike, fills toward the water, he is crazy, crazily to basic, no matter what breath soil restless soil, flower of garden mold emperor, Huangjia Manor how? Equally digging filled in the Yellow River! 对此,他只能不停地加固堤坝,往水里填土,他已经疯狂了,疯狂到根本不管什么息壤不息壤的,帝之花园土,皇家庄园又如何？一样给刨了填黄河！ In front of the flood, all assets are all unimportant, only human life big such as day. 洪水面前,一切资产皆不重要,唯人命大如天。 Finally, he stops up that flood, I do not know. 最后,他有没有堵住那场洪水,我不知道。 Perhaps he delayed the moment, evacuates to everyone wins the time. Let everyone be able to escape the high place, on the mountainous region hill, avoids the flood attack. 也许他只是拖延了片刻,给大家撤离争取时间。让大家能够逃到高处,山地丘陵上,躲避洪水侵袭。 «Huainanzi»: „Jiangsu , Anhui spread the class/flow, four seas ocean xing. On people all Qiu Tomb, goes to the trees.” 《淮南子》:“江淮遍流,四海溟涬。民皆上邱陵,赴树木。” Regarding this, Gun Beifu the giant crime, this crime is not the regulating waterways idle work, ‚twists with becomes’. 对此,鲧背负了巨大的罪行,这罪行并不是治水无功,‘绩用弗成’。 But is ‚breath of soil Emperor Gun Qie by the bury flood, does not need the emperor to assign/life. The emperor assigns/life to wish kills Gun Yuyu suburb friendly.’ 而是‘鲧窃帝之息壤以堙洪水,不待帝命。帝命祝融杀鲧于羽郊。’ Not only the idle work, has instead had. He took the breath of soil emperor, fills in flood! Capital crime! 不仅无功,反而有过。他拿了帝之息壤,去填洪水！死罪！ Kills to kill, the entire clan exiles! 殛杀,全族流放！ Gun can not know that what crime dug the breath soil is? 鲧会不知道挖了息壤是什么罪过吗？ If the flood only flooded the house private land, emperor Yao will not have an empty stomach, perhaps dying many people, but after all is the disaster. But the breath soil manor of high ground flood prevention was also destroyed, but also lived so many population, everyone must have an empty stomach! This is the man-made disaster. 洪水若只淹了屋舍民田,帝尧并不会饿肚子,也许会死很多人,但毕竟是天灾。可是高地防洪的息壤庄园也被毁了,还活了这么多人口,所有人都要饿肚子！这是人祸。 Under the disaster, is only the regulating waterways failure, nine years of idle work, most exile. The man-made disaster did, then steals the emperor breath soil, does not need the emperor to assign/life, capital crime. 天灾之下,只是治水失败,九年无功,最多流放。人祸做了,便是窃帝息壤,不待帝命,死罪。 Gun Xuanze the capital crime, the choice saved others as far as possible. Perhaps he has not saved too many people, perhaps he really saved many people. 鲧选择了死罪,选择尽可能地救人。也许他并没有救太多人,也许他真的救了很多人。