Chapter 1059 Shan Hai Jing's seventh idea: Gun Yu who the dust is unable to cover regulates waterways 第1059章山海经第七点想法:尘埃所无法掩盖的鲧禹治水 Dayu, surnamed Si, the rumor is the Zhuanxu descendant, Gun ( gun ) son. 大禹,姓姒,传言为颛顼后裔,鲧(gun)的儿子。 Records of the Grand Historian said that Gun is the son in Zhuanxu, Gun Shengyu. 史记说鲧是颛顼的儿子,鲧生禹。 However we take Shan Hai Jing as the standard, «Shan Hai Jing» said: „Yellow Emperor lived Luo Ming, Luo Ming lives the white horse, the white horse for Gun.” 但是我们以山海经为准,《山海经》说:“黄帝生骆明,骆明生白马,白马是为鲧。” If you this ‚living’, treat as to have a child, then Gun is bigger than a generation Zhuanxu, this is very obviously odd. 如果你们把这个‘生’,当做生孩子,那么鲧比颛顼还大一辈,这显然很离谱。 I have said that living not necessarily is the child, it also possibly referred to the clan and tribe that derived, these words also expressed this meaning. 我说过,生不一定是孩子,它也可能是指衍生出的部族,这句话本身也表达了这层意思。 Yellow Emperor descendant's, derived a Luo Ming clan, Luo Ming derived a white horse clan, the white horse possibly was the totem of that clan and tribe. 黄帝后裔的一支,衍生出了骆明一族,骆明又衍生出了白马一族,白马可能是那个部族的图腾。 Specifically what, I don't know either, in brief named white horse. I guess that...... possibly is the dragon totem. In the ancient times the white horse was the incarnation of dragon. A height eight chi (0.33 m) white horse, is considered as dragon Yi. 具体什么样,我也不知道,总之名为白马。我猜啊……可能是龙裔图腾。古代白马是龙的化身。身高八尺的白马,被认为是龙裔。 In brief, Gun is a white horse clan leader. 总之,鲧就是白马一族领袖。 Translates from the angle of portrayer, the meaning is ‚a white horse clan, is present Gun clan’. 从记述者的角度来翻译,意思就是‘白马一族,是现在的鲧族’。 I take Shan Hai Jing as the standard, therefore Gun is not the Zhuanxu son. 我是以山海经为准的,所以鲧不是颛顼儿子。 However Records of the Grand Historian possibly is not the rumor, a view is, one of the Zhuanxu sons was Gun Ceng, Gun once lived Gun ancestor, Gun ancestor lived Mr. Gun, Mr. Gun lived Gun, Gun health/life Yu. 不过史记可能也非空穴来风,有一种说法是,颛顼的儿子之一是鲧曾,鲧曾生了鲧祖,鲧祖生了鲧父,鲧父生了鲧,鲧生了禹。 Words that calculates, Zhuanxu is Yu's six ancestors. 这么算的话,颛顼是禹的六世祖。 Gun Keneng is a posthumous name and honorific titles and so on, a leader of white horse clan, the generation called ‚Gun’. 鲧可能是个谥号、尊号之类的,白马一族的领袖,世代都叫‘鲧’。 Because the generation was called Gun, how therefore did differentiate these generations of Gun? Therefore the last generation named Gun, the previous generation's name was Mr. Gun, on the former generation's name was Gun ancestor( grandfather), in the former generation's name was Gun Ceng( paternal great-grandfather). 因为世代都叫鲧,所以如何区分这几代鲧呢？于是就把最后一代叫做鲧,上一代叫鲧父,上上代叫鲧祖(祖父),上上上代叫鲧曾(曾祖父)。 Is the Zhuanxu sons, was Gun Ceng. Sima Qian has not possibly combed clearly, the direct record is Gun, therefore thinks that Yu is the grandson in Zhuanxu. 是颛顼儿子的,乃是鲧曾。司马迁可能没梳理清楚,直接记述为鲧,于是认为禹是颛顼的孙子。 Any view, no matter Gun Heyu, is a descendant who Yellow Emperor split up, a descendant who Zhuanxu split up. 无论是哪种说法,不管鲧和禹,是黄帝分化的一支后裔,还是颛顼分化出去的一支后裔。 They were Yellow Emperor of good class origin and performance one are the bloodlines. 他们都是根正苗红的黄帝一系血脉。 Then the issue came, they are not surnamed Ji, surnamed Si. 然后问题来了,他们不姓姬,姓姒。 It is not surnamed Ji, obviously his ancestor is not a son of first wife, was sealed by outside. 不姓姬,明显他祖上也不是嫡子,被外封了。 Has visited me outside the previous time, should understand. 看过了我之前番外的,应该都懂。 Yellow Emperor enfeoffed 14 sons, 12 surnames: Ji, tenth Earthly Branch, Qi, oneself, clear out, zhen, no matter what, Xun, Xi, ji, frivolous, clothes. 黄帝分封了十四个儿子,其中十二个姓:姬、酉、祁、己、滕、葴、任、荀、僖、姞、儇、衣。 Ji without a doubt is direct descendant, 14 sons, 12 surnames, two? Two are also surnamed Ji. Zhuanxu and Emperor Ku inherit respectively. 姬毫无疑问是嫡系,十四个儿子,十二个姓,还有俩呢？还有俩也都姓姬。颛顼和帝喾分别继承。 Therefore ‚Yellow Emperor lived Luo Ming’, an inside Luo Ming clan, should be in these 12 surnames other surnames, for example ji( I guessed). 所以‘黄帝生骆明’,里面的骆明一族,应该是这十二个姓里其他的某个姓,比如姞(我猜的)。 Later a Luo Ming clan, enfeoffed some son lineage/vein, split up another clan white horse. Splits up to affirm has other surname, therefore is surnamed Si. 之后骆明一族,又分封了某个庶子一脉,分化出了另一族白马。分化出去肯定得有别的姓啊,所以姓姒。 Again later, a Zong lineage/vein sole line of descent, the tribe declines, did not have more lands to enfeoff, therefore a white horse clan has not split up other clan again. 再之后,宗家一脉单传,部落式微,一直也没有更多的土地分封,所以白马一族再也没有分化别的氏族。 Therefore Yellow Emperor lived Luo Ming, Luo Ming lives the white horse, the white horse directly was Gun. 所以才黄帝生骆明,骆明生白马,白马直接就是鲧了。 If refers to individual, that this rank was much shorter. 如果是指个人,那这辈分短得离谱了。 Therefore this is the tribe splits certainly up, the differentiation must to seal/confer new the surname. Gun Yuxing Si, Si is actually not 12 surnames that Yellow Emperor enfeoffed, therefore the middle certainly has split up one time. 所以这一定是部落分化,分化就必须封新的姓。鲧禹姓姒,姒却不是黄帝分封的十二个姓,所以中间一定分化过一次。 That time, is Luo Ming lives the white horse. So then happen to on. 那一次,就是骆明生白马。如此便正好对上了。 Has only split up this time, therefore from Yellow Emperor to Gun, such ‚short’. 只分化过这一次,所以从黄帝到鲧,才如此的‘短’。 Can look from the lineage. 从世系就能看得出来。 Ji is extremely strong, generations of bloom a loose leaf crazily, but a white horse clan , a department Gun, is actually stranded in a corner throughout, the great person who all previous generations cannot become outstanding, many generations, have not expanded the branch vein continuously, throughout is a Zong biography surnamed Shan. 姬姓极度强势,一代代疯狂开枝散叶,而白马一族,鲧之一系,却始终困在一隅,历代都没有能出人头地的大人物,以至于连续很多代,都没有扩充支脉,始终是宗家一姓单传。 From first-generation Gun start, continuously surnamed Si, is Gun this Gun that until having Yu, becomes the emperor, but also obtained Dayu such beautiful posthumous name. 从第一代鲧开始,一直都姓姒,一直都是鲧这个鲧那个,直到出了禹,成为了帝,还获得了‘大禹’这样的美谥。 Dayu is not the name. 大禹不是名字。 He is surnamed Si, named Si Wenming. Without other view, he called Si Wenming since childhood. 他姓姒,名叫姒文命。没有别的说法,他从小就叫姒文命。 In our opinion, this name it can be said that obtained excellently. writing life/command, a beautiful name. 在我们看来,这名字可以说是取得极好了。文命,多美的一个名字。 But this actually, the side expressed Dayu's childhood position...... the double word name, is the cheap name. 但这其实,侧面表达了大禹小时候的地位……双字名,属于贱名。 Since the ancient times, individual character to revere, double word inexpensively. 自古以来,单字为尊,双字为贱。 This situation before Wei Jin Wu Hu, is the traditions. more toward the ancient times, was so. 这种情况直到魏晋五胡乱华之前,都是传统。越往古代,越是如此。 For example Emperor Ku, called ‚qun’, summer start/open called ‚opening’, big Yi called ‚Yi’, Zhou people the ancestor Hou Ji, called ‚millet’, initially generation of business Wang Cheng tang, called ‚soup’. 比如帝喾,就叫‘夋’,夏启就叫‘启’,大羿就叫‘羿’,周人的祖先后稷,就叫‘稷’,初代商王成汤,就叫‘汤’。 In the Shang Dynasty bone-script great-great grandfather king Hai of sacrificial offering, did not call king Hai, but called ‚inspiring’. 殷商甲骨文里祭祀的高祖王亥,并不叫王亥,而叫‘振’。 Week common noun ‚day’, Confucius name ‚mound’, Qin Shi Huang name ‚politics’, Han name ‚season’, Emperor Wen of Han name ‚permanent’, Emperor Wu of Han name ‚penetrating’. 周公名‘旦’,孔子名‘丘’,秦始皇名‘政’,汉高祖名‘季’,汉文帝名‘恒’,汉武帝名‘彻’。 You could say, Emperor Xuan of Han didn't ask Liu to get sick already? 你们可能要说,汉宣帝不是叫刘病已吗？ Right, old name Liu gets sick already. When swaddling clothes, without name, because was involved by the witchcraft trials, was jailed by Emperor Wu of Han. When four years old pardons, delivers to grandmother Shi Jia to foster. 对,原名刘病已。还是襁褓,没有名字之时,就因为被巫蛊之祸牵连,被汉武帝下狱。四岁时大赦,送到祖母史家抚养。 Liu gets sick has crossed the marketplace to live in the Chang'an street since childhood, the throne had not related with him, acquisition is the cheap name. 刘病已从小就在长安街头过着市井生活,原本皇位跟他没关系,取得是贱名。 Who would have guessed that the destiny in him, after Zhaodi dies, Huo light props up Prince He to ascend the throne, finally his too unenlightened ruler, reigned for 27 days, did 1127 misdemeanors...... 哪知道天命在他,昭帝死后,霍光扶植刘贺登基,结果他太昏君了,在位二十七天,做了一千一百二十七件坏事…… The ministers could not bear, Huo light abandoned the emperor decisively, namely Haihun marquis. 大臣们受不了了,霍光果断把皇帝废了,即海昏侯。 Later looks, finally gets sick Liu who grows up in the street already, meeting to return to the imperial palace prop is the emperor. 之后找来找去,最后把在街头长大的刘病已,接回皇宫扶植为帝。 After Liu gets sick ascends the throne , the first matter...... to change name as Liu Xun...... 刘病已登基后第一件事……就是改名字为刘询…… You could say, Zhuanxu isn't two characters? 你们可能要说,颛顼不是俩字吗？ Zhuanxu is not the name of black emperor, this I have said that similarly Yao, Shun, this is also not the name. 颛顼并不是黑帝的名字,这个我说过,同样尧、舜,这也都不是名。 Shun is the posthumous name, Yao is the posthumous name, Dayu is also the posthumous name. 舜是谥号,尧是谥号,大禹也是谥号。 The attention, Dayu is the posthumous name, Yu Zhishi is said. He is first expresses the person of posthumous name with two characters, posthumous name thing, the character the more better, pre-Qin basically was a character posthumous name, the man (Han) later will have the posthumous names of two characters occasionally. Tang , Song start is not concerned about face, 78 and posthumous names of more than ten characters, the Qing dynasty most were not concerned about face, the posthumous names of more than 20 characters had...... 注意,‘大禹’是谥号,禹只是简称。他是第一个用两个字来表达谥号的人,谥号这东西,字越多越好,先秦基本都是一个字谥号,汉以后偶尔会有两个字的谥号。唐宋开始不要脸了,七八个、十几个字的谥号,清朝最不要脸,二十多个字的谥号都有…… But name, before Jin Dynasty, a character is expensive/noble. 但名字,晋朝以前,一个字为贵。 Zhuanxu called anything, I do not know, looked at in front of me to explain, should still remember, I refuted Zhuanxu to call to do the wild view. Here supplements, at that time I had not proposed the two-syllable given name for the cheap matter, actually this is also one of the reasons, Zhuanxu is odd named the dry desolate. 颛顼到底叫什么,我不知道,看过我前面解读的,应该还记得,我驳斥颛顼叫乾荒的说法。这里补充一下,当时我并没有提双名为贱的事,其实这也算是理由之一,颛顼名叫乾荒就离谱。 Likewise, Shun's name, has not recorded. 同理,舜的名字,也没有记载。 By the Shun childhood going down in the world base and low position, I estimated that is a specially cheap name, for example called Yao two sons of bitches and so on, probably this meaning, therefore has not spread. 以舜小时候的落魄卑微地位,我估计是个特别贱的名,比如叫姚二狗子之类的,大概这意思,所以没有流传。 As for Yao...... according to the view of Shangshu, Yao named ‚puts merit’. 至于尧……按照尚书的说法,尧名为‘放勋’。 ‚Puts merit’ possibly is equivalent to the modern age ‚greatly strongly’ and ‚ferric radical’ this name. ‘放勋’可能就相当于现代的‘大强’、‘铁根’这种名字吧。 Our modern people, the point of get less than antiquity. Must say that what implication, that can only the literal comprehension, ‚putting’ ancient Yi be the meaning of exiling and driving away, ‚merit’ ancient Yiwei: Can to become Wanggong. 只是我们现代人,get不到上古的点。非要说有什么寓意,那就只能字面理解,‘放’古义是流放、驱离的意思,‘勋’的古义为:能成王功也。 About as a name, the meaning is ‚pursuit meritorious achievements’. 合起来作为一个名,意思就是‘驱逐功业’。 The typical cheap name, Yao's childhood is actually not good. 典型的贱名,其实尧的童年也不好。 According to the view of Records of the Grand Historian, succeeds to the throne behind Emperor Ku, is the eldest son emperor is sincere. Yao was only a youngest son, the Elder Brother was the emperor, sealed the ceramic place the younger brother directly, without developing for several years, later the revolutions sealed Tang......, therefore Yao afterward was ceramic Down. 按照史记的说法,在帝喾后面继位的,是长子帝挚。尧只是个小儿子,哥哥当了帝,直接把弟弟封到陶地,没发展几年,之后又转封到唐地……所以尧后来是陶唐氏。 Who would have guessed that Tang Yao still grew, his charisma was high, was able, the tribe was very good after the camp. 哪知道唐尧依然发育起来了,他人格魅力高,又有能力,部落经营地很好。 Yao Kaozhe bosses around prestige and other methods, in addition Elder Brother emperor is in power sincere is really stupid, therefore all feudal lords abandoned the emperor to be sincere, took Yao to come back to inherit Datong. 尧靠着自己笼络声望等手段,再加上哥哥帝挚执政实在是太昏庸,所以各方诸侯废了帝挚,接尧回来继承大统。 He likes brushing the prestige, it is estimated that also and is been unrelated by the childhood that the father and elder brother attach great importance.( Matter that brushes prestige concrete looks at end of vol. 1 beyond free) 他这么爱刷声望,估计也和不受父亲、兄长重视的童年有关吧。(刷声望的事具体去看第一卷末尾免费番外) Returns to the subject, Wei Jin before, named takes the single-character personal name as far as possible. 回归正题,魏晋之前,取名儿尽量取单名。 Because the mortality was high in the ancient times, therefore the child was born basically does not have the name. When lives slightly several years old, will take childhood name, but is used to call him, he knows that calls him, can reply on the line. 因为古代夭折率高,所以孩子出生基本都是没有名字。稍微活到几岁时,才会取个小名儿,只是用来叫他,他知道是叫他,能应答就行了。 Putting the merit and sickness, flatter has concealed the truth is this childhood name. 放勋、病已、阿瞒都是这种小名。 If there is not waited for the given name, the father died, or the father does not take seriously him, is disinclined to take a given name again, that was a little miserable...... 如果还没等有大名,爹就死了,或者爹不重视他,懒得再取个大名,那就有点惨了…… By Shun living conditions since childhood, as well as by the degree that the parents shut out, I suspected that Shun's real name, the special rare and beautiful flowers...... are only we do not know. 以舜从小的生活环境,以及被父母嫌弃的程度来看,我怀疑舜的真名,特别奇葩……只是我们不知道而已。 In brief summer Shangzhou until the Qin and Han Dynasty, and even in the early period of Jin Dynasty, took the single-character personal name as expensively. 总之夏商周直到秦汉,乃至晋朝前期,都以单名为贵。 Only then some people in yellow turbans army, will call the two-syllable given name. In the three countries the aristocrat leaves returns alive to call the two-syllable given name, only then Sun Shangxiang...... but the histories in form of biographies have not actually recorded her, stems from the Yuan zaju early. 只有黄巾军里的一些人,才会叫双名。三国里贵族出生还叫双名的,只有孙尚香……而正史其实并没有记载她,最早出于元杂剧。 In summary, Dayu 's name is Si Wenming, sounds very aggressive, actually at that time was an cheap name. 综上,大禹名叫姒文命,听起来很霸气,实则在当时是个贱名。 ‚Article’ ancient Yiwei the pattern or tattoo, ‚life’ is the meaning of command, but emphasized compared with the command. Afterward expanded( order that the destiny ascended the sky), the person lived is being to carry out the destiny, but the person died, yes died( ascended the sky no longer ordered to you, you do not need to exist). Subsequently derives the meaning of life span and life, most starts is the meaning of order. ‘文’古义为花纹或纹身,‘命’就是令的意思,只是比令更强调一点。后来引申出天命(上天的命令),人活着乃为了执行天命,而人死了,就是没命(上天不再给你命令了,你不必存在了)。继而才衍生出寿命、生命的意思,最开始就是命令的意思。 Therefore writing life/command, seemingly refers , may also be carves the mission that on him has to tattoo the face and exile to the frontier( me to guess) in meaning. 所以文命,貌似是指他身上有刺配(我猜的),也有可能是把使命刻在身上的意思。 His father when he was very young died, it is estimated that was the elders in clan giving such name, the romantic point place view, the promotion family's mission, carved on his body. 他父亲在他很小的时候就死了,估计是族里的长辈给取了这么个名字,浪漫点地说法,就是把振兴家族的使命,刻在他的身上。 Why the elder does not take the single-character personal name, this entire family position was base and low with him in childhood. 为何长辈不取单名,这跟他小时候整个家族地位卑微有关。 According to the view of week period, altogether the labor, San miao and Gun Hehuan captures, is four crimes. 按照周时期的说法,共工、三苗、鲧和驩兜,乃是四罪。 Namely the four big crime clans of antiquity, straightforward, by exile, the entire clan was hung up the criminal label, repels in the edge of entire Yan and Huang cultural circle. 即上古的四大罪族,直白点,被流放者,全族被挂上罪人标签,排斥在整个炎黄文化圈的边缘。 Spring and Autumn Period period «Zuo Zhuan»: ‚Class labor in Youzhou, puts to fill the pocket in lofty mountain, moves the San miao in three dangers, kills Gun in Feather Mountain.’ 春秋时期的《左传》:‘流共工于幽州,放灌兜于崇山,迁三苗于三危,殛鲧于羽山。’ Labor is altogether guilty, once struggled the emperor with Zhuanxu, but also bursts a dike to put the flood frequently. 共工氏有罪,曾与颛顼争帝,还经常决堤放洪水。 Filling a pocket clan is also guilty, it is said is the red clan, after the people catch up with the imperial throne, he and his clansmen estimated that refuses to accept Shun. 灌兜一族也有罪,据说是丹朱一族,被人民赶下帝位后,他和他的族人们估计不服舜。 But the positive evidence, had not shown that fills the pocket is red, this enough pulls, I did not discuss. 但并没有直接证据,证明灌兜就是丹朱,这个够扯得,我不讨论了。 The San miao you understands, nine Li descendants, are the crime clans. The imperial capital of all previous generations is fusing them, Shun's period makes the major breakthrough, stilled the San miao, Yu's period, fused the San miao to enter the Yan and Huang department thoroughly. 三苗你们都懂的,九黎后裔,一直都是罪族。历代的帝都在融合他们,舜的时期有重大突破,平定了三苗,禹的时期,彻底融合了三苗进炎黄系。 Last, Gun clan, the charge is: Leads the clansman, stole the breath soil of emperor, without waiting for emperor's order, fills in the flood arbitrarily, finally was beheaded directly, the entire clan exiles. 最后一个,鲧族,罪名是:带着族人,偷了帝的息壤,没有等待帝的命令,就擅自去填洪水,结果被直接斩首,全族流放。 Four crimes four ominous, the length is too big, in Shan Hai Jing also has, later said. 四罪四凶,篇幅太大,山海经里也有,以后再讲。 In brief Gun clan generation biography raids, last generation of Gun king, is Yu the father. 总之鲧族世代传袭,最后一代鲧王,就是禹的父亲。 He regulates waterways the failure, directly causes Yu since childhood is the social position low by exile. The small age, Yu is shouldering a destiny of white horse clan. 他治水失败,直接导致禹从小就是社会地位较低的被流放者。小小年纪,禹就背负着白马一族的命运。 Naturally, he is much stronger than that age true outcastes, he has the aristocrat surname that the ancestor grants: Si. 当然,他比那年代真正的贱民要强得多,他有祖宗赐予的贵族姓氏:姒。 Also there are has the name that the clan of culture always gives very much: writing life/command. 也有很有文化的族老取的名字:文命。 At least in our opinion, is very of pleasant to hear, has the culture very much. Therefore Yu belongs to go down in the world aristocratic family, rather than the true outcastes, have the family background. 至少在我们看来,很好听,很有文化。所以禹属于落魄贵族世家,而非真正的贱民,乃是有家族底蕴的。 What then Yu does mount the imperial throne the merit is? I think that some people do not know: Dayu's water governance. 那么禹登上帝位的功绩是什么呢？我想不会有人不知道:大禹治水。 Before speaking Dayu's water governance in Shan Hai Jing, old rule, flashback. 讲山海经里的大禹治水之前,老规矩,倒叙。 This but actually quite many, because in modern and contemporary, Yu and the Xia Dynasty, was controversial. 这回倒得比较多,因为在近现代,禹和夏朝,备受争议。 Although the general population approved existence of Xia Dynasty, but doubted Gu-school not to believe, the international scholar did not acknowledge. 虽然广大群众认可夏朝的存在,但是疑古派并不这么认为,国际学者也不承认。 In the modern times, Republic of China Gu Jiegang thinks that Dayu is the insect, was the cultural symbol on Shangzhou period cauldron, in fact did not have this person. 在近代,民国顾颉刚认为大禹是虫子,乃是商周时期鼎上的文化象征,实际上并不存在这个人。 He thinks that the Dayu's water governance is the myth, is god who Zhou people compiles, but is inhuman, the prototype was the insect shape trace on Shang Dynasty cauldron. 他认为大禹治水是神话,是周人编撰出来的神,而非人,原型乃是商朝鼎上的虫形纹路。 Does not exist Dayu, then Xia Dynasty did not exist. 连大禹都不存在,则夏朝也不存在。 The argument, mainly revolves, «Shuowen»: Yu, insect. 其论据,主要围绕,《说文》:禹,虫也。 Later doubtful Gu-school, even a direct several plus one character, saying Yu was the worm. 之后的疑古派,甚至直接多加一个字,说禹是蠕虫。 I took, the pictography of Yu this character, truly was the insect shape. This point, I in " Inhuman » Amun civilization affect in Egyptian civilization that plot, describing the ancient Egyptian totem is on the dragon, when assisted Yellow Emperor to cut down Chi You, said. 我服了,禹这个字的象形,确实是个虫形。这一点,我在《非人》里阿蒙文明影响埃及文明那段剧情里,描述古埃及图腾乃应龙,襄助黄帝伐蚩尤时,也说了。 Moreover in cauldron of Shang Dynasty, truly many utilization insect shape trace. 另外商朝的鼎上,确实很多运用虫形纹路。 However, the insect shape trace of Shangzhou, had the foot! Moreover the foot are more is more honored. 但是,商周的虫形纹路,都是有脚的！而且脚越多越尊贵。 After all was very abstract, said that it was the insect is also good, was the dragon. 毕竟很抽象,说它是虫子也好,是龙也可以啊。 «Shuowen» explained the character, did not explain Dayu this person. Yu's posthumous name is Dayu, this ‚big’ character is very important, the ancient likes being called, is really the province has an accident. 《说文》只是解释字,并非解释‘大禹’这个人。禹的谥号乃是大禹,这个‘大’字很重要,古人喜欢简称,真是省出了事啊。 Beast non- insect. The length of scale insect is for the dragon. 大虫非虫。鳞虫之长乃为龙。 This is the posthumous name, is not Yu's name. With this existence that denied Yu, said that was Zhou people suspicion and deification to business the cauldron trace, is completely nonsensical talk. 这是谥号,又不是禹的名字。拿这个否定禹的存在,说是周人对商鼎纹路的猜想和神化,完全是无稽之谈。 This...... ‚day Hong transported civil and military wisdom wise respectful to be filial piety integrity neutralization merit greatly dying for a righteous cause emperor with the posthumous name of Kangxi probably thriftily amply’, denies existence of Kangxi, thinks that this emperor, was expanding and deification of native of Republic of China's in some moral excellence writing to Qing imperial edict, in fact was impossible the dynasty that had this emperor...... the Qing dynasty not to have subsequently, the Republic of China scholars wrote a feudal dynasty. 这就好像……用康熙的谥号‘天弘运文武睿哲恭俭宽裕孝敬诚信中和功德大成仁皇帝’,来否定康熙的存在,认为这个皇帝,是民国人对清朝诏书上的一些美德文字的引申和神化,实际上不可能有这种皇帝……继而大清也是不存在的王朝,民国学者编著了一个封建王朝。 oneself see and hear more than once, some people with the international academics, the view of foreign scholar denied Xia Dynasty. 本人不止一次地看到、听到,有人拿国际学术界,外国学者的说法去否定夏朝。 I think most people, had heard ‚actually our country has a history of 3000 years, Xia Dynasty did not have archaeology real diagnosis’. 我想大多数人,都听说过‘其实我国只有3000年历史,夏朝并没有考古实证’。 This saying, I listened rottenly. 这话,我都听烂了。 In 2020, won't some people believe this? 都2020年了,不会还有人信这个吧？ First, truly does not have archaeology real diagnosis ‚summer’ this country. 第一,确实没有考古实证‘夏’这个国家。 But only in 3000 the history of civilization is wrong, without cultural relic stone hammer Xia Dynasty, but already some innumerable cultural relic crandalls ‚Xia Dynasty’. 但是只有三千年文明史是错误的,没有文物石锤夏朝,但是已经有无数文物石锤‘夏代’了。 Namely that time, has the civilization, Erlitou or the Liangzhu ruins, the application for being a UNESCO World Heritage Site is successful. The period that Erlitou has, covered the Xia Dynasty period in literature. The period that Liangzhu has exceeded the period of Xia Dynasty. 即那个时代,是有文明的,无论是二里头还是良渚遗址,都已经申遗成功。二里头存在的时期,覆盖了文献中的夏朝时期。良渚存在的时期超过了夏朝的时期。 Without the stone hammer is because has not preserved the writing carrier. 没有石锤是因为没有保存下来文字载体。 The bone-script is very mature writing, there are more than 5000 characters. Does this brave suddenly? Its front also has certainly another glyph. 甲骨文是非常成熟的文字,共有五千多个字。这难道是突然冒出来的？它的前面一定还有另一种象形文字。 Some people said why Yin Dynasty ruins so many bone-scripts, didn't have one to mention Xia Dynasty? 有人说,为何殷墟那么多甲骨文,就没有一个提到夏朝？ Very simple, first from the beginning, this character has not actually looked including ‚summer’, therefore some people said that in the bone-script won't have summer character? Therefore did not have Xia Dynasty. 很简单,首先一开始,其实连‘夏’这个字都没找出来,于是有人说甲骨文里怎么会没有夏字呢？所以没有夏朝。 Afterward discovered had ‚summer’ this character, hung for the hot sun pictographially, a person knelt under Sun. 后来发现了有‘夏’这个字,象形为烈日高悬,一个人跪在太阳下。 Obviously, doubts Gu-school also in hit the face unceasingly...... 可见,疑古派也是在被不断打脸中的…… However tells the truth, because when the bone-script only wrote ‚summer’, therefore truly cannot say that the summer is a country. 不过有一说一,甲骨文因为只写了‘时夏’,所以确实也不能说夏是个国家。 However, the bone-script only decoded 30%...... also to have massive bone-scripts not to have the reorganization and decoding. 30% had not mentioned that ‚has summer’, I feel very normal. 但是,甲骨文只破解了百分之三十……还有大量的甲骨文没有整理和破解。百分之三十没提到‘有夏’,我觉得很正常。 Next, Yin Dynasty ruins are business the mid and late capital, after is martial Dean and business the king location, was away from Xia Dynasty to be very long at that time. 其次,殷墟是商中后期的首都,是武丁及以后的商王所在地,那时候距离夏朝已经很久了。 Moreover, all bone-scripts, before are the merchant handles a matter, practices divination to ask the god, or completes, sacrifices to ancestors the ancestor. 另外,所有甲骨文,都是商人做一件事情之前,占卜问神,或者做完一件事后,告祭祖宗的。 Others sacrificial offering own ancestor, is mainly offers a sacrifice to all previous generations business king, proposed Xia Dynasty to do? 人家祭祀自己的祖宗,主要是祭历代商王,提夏朝干嘛？ Erlitou as the Xia Dynasty ruins, has not discovered the writing, is really a regret, actually on the discovery bronzeware has ‚article’ this character. However did not have more characters. 二里头作为夏代遗址,没有发现文字,实在是个遗憾,其实发现青铜器上有‘文’这个字。但是没有更多的字了。 On the contrary is in 7000 the Liangzhu ruins of history, the character many, there are 11 characters. Also carves on the animal bones, but the international community does not approve that is the writing, calls it ‚animal bones tally writing’. 反倒是七千年历史的良渚遗址,字多点,有十一个字。也是刻在甲骨上的,只不过国际社会不认可那是文字,称其为‘甲骨刻符’。 In fact that so-called tally writing, fully conforms to the glyph the structure and evolution. 事实上那所谓刻符,完全符合象形文字的结构和演变。 At least the person of research classical Chinese literature, recognized that is what character, the second decoded that 11 respectively ‚tally writing’. Because our writing comes down in a continuous line, has not divided into periods. 至少研究古文的人,一眼就认出那分别都是什么字,秒破解了那十一个‘刻符’。因为我们文字一脉相传,没有断代。 Actually because the Republic of China period the national strength is toppling, many people proposed that the Chinese character is the dregs, was too difficult, does not help the promotion, denouncing severely it is an illiterate, limits the tool of popular education. Requests to abolish the Chinese character comprehensively, uses the alphabetic script. 其实民国时期因为国势倾颓,很多人提出汉字乃糟粕,太难了,不利于推广,痛斥其是愚民,限制大众教育的工具。要求全面废除汉字,使用字母文字。 Qian Xuantong: „Wanting makes China not perish, wanting caused the Chinese nation for the nationality of the 20 th century civilization, must by waste Kong learn/study, extinguish the Taoism for the fundamental solution, but recorded the Chinese character of Confucianists theory and Taoism evil words waste, especially fundamental solution fundamental solution.” 钱玄同:“欲使中华不亡,欲使中华民族为二十世纪文明之民族,必须以废孔学,灭道教为根本之解决,而废记载孔门学说及道教妖言之汉字,尤为根本解决之根本解决。” ***: „Chinese writing, is difficult to carry the new matter new principle, and for the den of spoiled poisonous thought that abandoning honest pities insufficient.” ***:“中国文字,既难载新事新理,且为腐毒思想之巢窟,废之诚不足惜。” Lu Xun: „Chinese character does not extinguish, China must perish! The Chinese character will abandon finally, cover Rencun writing Bifei, the article saves , then person, when perishes. In this time, already not lucky say/way.” 鲁迅:“汉字不灭,中国必亡！汉字终将废去,盖人存则文必废,文存则人当亡。在此时代,已无幸运之道。”