In the front research area of theory Physics, is hard the chaotic system that regarding one forecasts, the quite common practice is to then throw a granule goes to search to explore the way. 在理论物理学界的前沿研究领域中,对于一个难以预测的混沌系统,比较常见的做法便是扔一颗粒子进去探探路。 Through to the observation of this/should granule, observes this/should system indirectly. 通过对该粒子的观察,间接对该系统进行观察。 In fact, Lu Zhou proposed that this experiment approach, stemmed from earlier him to a great extent at the work experience of ern. 事实上,陆舟提出这个实验思路,很大程度上源于早些时候他在ern的工作经验。 The entire system of if the plasma being at regards as one to be closed the ping-pong table in black box, treats as the ping-pong on table the plasma, then does not have any compared with „hits one to go out” again in a fixed direction, was more suitable to clarify the situation on ball table. 如果将等离子体所在的整个体系看成一个被关在黑箱里的台球桌,将等离子体当做桌上的台球,那么再没有什么比朝着一个固定的方向“打一杆出去”,更适合摸清球桌上的情况了。 Was used to treat as „white ball” as for this granule, is not again more appropriate than helium 3. 至于这个被用来当做“白球”的粒子,再没有比氦三更合适了。 First its atomic diameter is small enough, three are constituted by two proton and a neutron, is close to the atomic mass of tritium, the atomic nucleus structure is also stabler! Polyatomic collisions that not only avoid as much as possible from the probability significance was hard to differentiate, but also is easy to pass through from the plasma. 首先它的原子直径足够小,三由两个质子和一个中子构成,与氚的原子质量接近,原子核结构又更加稳定！不但从概率意义上尽可能避免了难以区分的多原子碰撞,而且更易于从等离子体中穿过。 Must achieve the helium 3 to have the temperature of fusion reaction with the deuterium, at least must the existing temperature and electromagnetic field rises 100 times to satisfy, therefore uses on Stellarator even if finally, basically can also neglect the helium three participation fusion reaction this situations. 要达到氦三与氘发生聚变反应的温度,至少得将现有的温度和电磁场翻上一百倍才能满足,所以哪怕是最终用在仿星器上,基本上也可以忽略掉氦三参与聚变反应这种情形。 Therefore, does this experiment with helium 3, was appropriate! 所以,用氦三来做这个实验,是再合适不过了！ Considering the granule quantity in entire plasma system, a perturbation of helium 3 atoms to entire system almost can ignore. After all throws an atom to go in the effect on the entire system, but inserting a probe goes to be smaller than! 考虑到整个等离子体体系中的粒子数量,一颗氦三原子对整个体系的扰动几乎可以忽略不计。毕竟扔一颗原子进去对整个体系的影响,可要比插一根探针进去小多了！ Can in the granule with system clash across the helium 3 atoms of plasma, the electromagnetic wave that in the collision produces as „sound”, was being installed the outside scope to hear by the connection, according to these data, can analyze the macroscopic and microscopic parameter in plasma. 穿过等离子体的氦三原子会与体系中的粒子发生碰撞,碰撞中产生的电磁波作为“声音”,被连接在装置外侧的观测设备听到,根据这些数据,可以分析出等离子体内的宏观、微观参量。 But after this, will collide, feeds back the hit data at the same time with the target material across the helium 3 atoms of plasma, is separated from the entire system. 而在此之后,穿过等离子体的氦三原子将与靶材料碰撞,反馈出撞击数据的同时,从整个体系中脱离。 So long as continuously to plasma emission as „detector” the helium 3 atoms, collect the electromagnetic wave data that the collision has again, as well as on the target material the acquired hit data, Lu Zhou has the confidence to be able through the method of math, the indirect analysis helium 3 in the perturbation that in the plasma system receives, thus the indirect jet braking has various system's attributes. 只要连续不断地对等离子体发射作为“探测器”的氦三原子,再收集碰撞产生的电磁波数据,以及靶材料上收集到的撞击数据,陆舟有信心可以通过数学的方法,间接分析出氦三在等离子系统中受到的扰动,从而间接反推出系统本身的各项属性。 If said that abstractly, can make a simple analogy. 如果这么说过于抽象的话,可以做个简单的类比。 We survey the refractive index of water, if using the water as the object of study directly, the entire experiment is without a doubt complex. But if enters in one bunch of shooting light the water, calculates the refractive index through the observation the change of light and contact surface included angle, the entire experiment can become simply. 我们测量水的折射率,如果直接以水本身为研究对象,整个实验毫无疑问是复杂的。但如果将一束光射入水中,通过观察光与界面夹角的变化来计算折射率,整个实验会变得简单许多。 But Lu Zhou experiment mentality, then helium 3 granules, as injecting that light of plasma! 而陆舟的实验思路,便是将氦三粒子,作为射入等离子体的那道光！ „...... We only need on the Stellarator first wall, establishes a palm of the hand big target material, is used to catch the helium 3 granules that launches from the atomic gun, when can in tritium atomic collision of helium through the record transmit cycle 3 with the electromagnetic wave signal that sends out, and final helium 3 hit target materials carrying energy and hit angular momentum wait data, data that under the indirect analysis high thermobaric condition the plasma carries!” “……我们只需要在仿星器的第一壁上,设置一块巴掌大的靶材料,用来捕捉从原子枪发射的氦三粒子,就能通过记录发射周期内氦三与氚原子碰撞发出的电磁波信号、以及最终氦三撞击靶材时的携带能量、撞击角动量等等数据,间接分析高温压状态下等离子体携带的数据！” „Can my achieve not to mention,” stares at Lu Zhou, Professor Lazerson was saying earnestly, „you determined these data, processing they? If we launch n granules, related to the variable will surpass the n n power of exponent not only! Moreover must consider plasma's the perturbation magnetic field......” “我暂且不说这能不能做到,”盯着陆舟,拉泽尔松教授认真地说道,“你确定有了这些数据,处理的了它们吗？如果我们发射n颗粒子,涉及到的变量将超过n的n次方不只！而且还要考虑到等离子体本身受磁场的扰动……” When a variable of physical model is huge enough, that will be the computation that the supercomputer is unable to complete. 当一个物理模型的变量足够庞大,那将是超级计算机都无法完成的计算。 However, words of Professor Lazerson, Lu Zhou not frightening. 然而,拉泽尔松教授的话,并没有把陆舟给吓倒。 With the affirmative tone, Lu Zhou replied Professor Lazerson's question: „Do others know that I am indefinite, but I have over 90% assurances.” 用肯定的语气,陆舟回答了拉泽尔松教授的质疑:“别人知不知道我不确定,但我有九成以上的把握。” The mathematical modeling and conduct the solution to the mathematical model are two concepts, although this variable looks exceptionally huge, but in fact these are the things that needs Super Computer to have a headache about. 建立数学模型和对数学模型进行求解是两个概念,虽然这个变量看起来异常庞大,但事实上那些都是需要超算去头疼的事情。 If builds the theoretical model, Lu Zhou regarding own ability, has self-confidently. 如果只是建立理论模型的话,陆舟对于自己的能力,还是相当有自信的。 In the look flashes through a hesitation, Professor Lazerson is still not able to believe that makes the decision. 眼神中闪过一丝犹豫,拉泽尔松教授依然无法相信作出决定。 Theoretically, this mentality seems like accepted, but the premise is Lu Zhou can complete to such that he pledged, according to the electromagnetic wave stimulation data of these helium 3 atoms, built the theoretical model to the entire system. 从理论上来讲,这条思路似乎是行得通的,但前提是陆舟能够完成向他承诺的那样,根据那些氦三原子的电磁波激发数据,对整个体系建立理论模型。 If the acquired data is unable effectively to use, even they succeeded finally even, still wastes the time. 如果收集到的数据无法有效利用起来,就算他们最终就算成功了,也只是白费功夫。 It is not able by the data of use, compared with the experiment in „noise” is no better. 无法被利用的数据,比实验中的“噪音”好不到哪里去。 „...... Gives me one to believe reason that you can achieve.” “……给我一个相信你能做到的理由。” „Goldbach's conjecture enough?” “哥德巴赫猜想够吗？” Professor Lazerson said decisively: „Insufficiently! That can only explain that you are the theory of numbers domain expert, to me is not meaningful!” 拉泽尔松教授断然道:“不够！那只能说明你是数论领域的专家,对我来说没有任何意义！” „The theoretical model of galvanochemistry interface structure?” Saw with own eyes that Professor Lazerson plans to refute subconsciously, Lu Zhou snatches immediately in front of him said, „I know you want to say that this most showed I in the strength in computational chemistry and theoretical chemistry, cannot explain similarly suits the research of plasma, right?” “电化学界面结构的理论模型呢？”眼见拉泽尔松教授下意识地打算反驳,陆舟立刻抢在他前面说道,“我知道你想说,这最多证明我在计算化学、理论化学上的实力,并不能说明同样适合等离子体的研究,对吗？” Professor Lazerson has not spoken, but the look had shown his idea. 拉泽尔松教授没有说话,但眼神已经说明了他的想法。 Lu Zhou not discouraged , to continue to say. 陆舟没有气馁,继续说道。 „But I must tell you am, these things that I study, in the final analysis is processing to the data, moreover data quantity small many that I the processed data scale, will not soon have faced compared with us!” “但我要告诉你的是,我所研究的这些东西,归根结底是对数据的处理,而且我已经处理过的数据规模,并不比我们即将面临的数据量小多少！” This time, Professor Lazerson does not speak actually, but fell into silent, seemed like pondering. 这一次,拉泽尔松教授倒是不说话了,而是陷入了沉默,似乎是在思考着。 Sees him not to speak, Lu Zhou continues to say in his side. 见他没有说话,陆舟在他的旁边继续说道。 „Believes me, sounds very difficult, but it is not difficult to be in the unsolvable degree! We do, but inserts named helium 3 probes toward the plasma. Only sounds unthinkable merely is, its volume is only an atom is so small.” “相信我,听起来很难,但它并没有难到不可解决的程度！我们所做的,只是往等离子体中插入一根名叫氦三的探针。唯一听起来匪夷所思的仅仅是,它的体积只有一颗原子那么小。” „If we succeeded......” “如果我们成功了……” Stopped the moment, Lu Zhou was staring at his eye, earnest saying, „this without a doubt was rewarded level the invention.” 停顿了片刻,陆舟盯着他的眼睛,认真的说道,“这毫无疑问是个诺奖级的发明。” Rewarded and is not only only the reward great theory discovered, similarly is not parsimonious in rewarding the important inventions of these change human civilizations. 诺奖并不仅仅只是奖励伟大的理论发现,同样不吝啬于奖励那些改变人类文明的重大发明。 For example this year, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry of making known in October 17, then issued to the invention froze the three scholars of electron microscope, because the biologists depended on their invention real water many papers. 比如就在今年,17年10月揭晓的诺贝尔化学奖,便颁发给了发明冷冻电镜的三位学者,因为生物学家们靠着他们的发明真的水了不少的论文。 Just like Venerable Qiu's that teased, if really can establish some observation way, the direct observation high temperature pressed under the condition various macroscopic and microscopic parameters of plasma system, was huge regarding the impetus of entire plasma physics. 正如邱老先生的那句调侃,如果真能够建立某种观测方式,直接观测高温压状态下等离子体体系的各项宏观、微观参量,对于整个等离子体物理的推动作用都是巨大的。 Moreover, this technology without a doubt, will promote the development of entire controllable nuclear fusion project! 而且,这项技术毫无疑问,将推动整个可控核聚变工程的发展！ „This sounds......” “这听起来……” Takes off the eyeglasses on bridge of the nose, Professor Lazerson pointed at shiver took out the eyeglasses arrange/cloth from the pocket, is rubbing on the lens unceasingly. 将鼻梁上的眼镜摘下,拉泽尔松教授手指颤抖地从兜里取出了眼镜布,不断地在镜片上摩擦着。 The lens more scratch are brighter, pupil of inverted image in lens, is getting more and more excited. 镜片越擦越亮,倒影在镜片中的瞳孔,也越来越兴奋。 Just, he could not settle on this idea. 只不过,他一直拿不定这个主意。 Waited for about ten minutes, Lu Zhou to look at a watch. 等了将近十分钟,陆舟看了眼手表。 In a Lu Zhou shoulder loosen, is planning to give up convincing, then looks others cooperate, Professor Lazerson suddenly put on the eyeglasses. 就在陆舟肩膀一松,正打算放弃说服,转而去找其他人合作的时候,拉泽尔松教授忽然重新戴上了眼镜。 When he looks again to Lu Zhou, in the line of sight of that pollution, could not have seen any look of contempt. 当他再次看向陆舟的时候,那浑浊的视线中,已经看不到任何轻视的神色。 What replaces it is...... 取而代之的是…… Excited! 兴奋！ „...... This sounds, seems very interesting!” “……这听起来,似乎很有趣！” Hears these words, Lu Zhou relaxes finally, on the face appeared a smiling face, extended the right hand. 听到这句话,陆舟总算是松了口气,脸上浮现了一丝笑容,伸出了右手。 „Can hear this answer happily.” “很高兴能听到这个答案。” Reply that after all, he obtains, is not „this sounds impractical”. 总归,他得到的回答,不是“这听起来不切实际”。 ...... …… Convinced Professor Lazerson, omitting Lu Zhou were many. 说服了拉泽尔松教授,省去了陆舟不少麻烦。 The plasma physics laboratory in Princeton has the world-class level, and has the related research agreement with the controllable fusion research units of the world many country's, the resources or the talents have the considerable advantage. 普林斯顿的等离子体物理实验室拥有着世界一流的水准,而且与世界多国的可控核聚变研究单位都有相关的研究协议,无论是资源还是人才都占据相当的优势。 But this point, is other research agencies does not have. 而这一点,是其他研究机构所不具备的。 If Professor Lazerson does not want finally, Lu Zhou also can only send a letter/believes toward the MPI learned finally, tried the MPI learned plasma physics research institute to make visiting scholar road. 如果拉泽尔松教授最终还是不愿意的话,陆舟最终也只能往马普学会寄一封信,尝试去马普学会等离子体物理研究所做访问学者这条路了。 Disburses money to make one to compare favorably with the pppl laboratory as for oneself in the R & D capability...... 至于自己出钱造一个在研发能力上媲美pppl的实验室…… The scientific research resource that regardless and these spending money are hard to buy, only hundreds of millions US dollars definitely insufficiently look in brief. 且不论那些用钱难以买到的科研资源,总之区区几亿美元肯定是不够看的。 After Professor Lazerson reached the cooperation research agreement, for ease of the discussion, Lu Zhou referred to other research institute experts' suggestions, this still the technology in swaddling clothes, names as „he3 atom probe”. 与拉泽尔松教授达成了合作研究协议之后,为了便于讨论,陆舟参考了研究所其他专家的建议,将这个还在襁褓中的技术,命名为“he3原子探针”。 But the name of team, is simple and brief only has three characters 而项目组的名字,更是简洁明了的只有三个字符 „He-3” “he-3” In the following several days, Lu Zhou basically travels between the higher research institute and plasma physics laboratories, either reads the plasma research related literature, either is and Professor Lazerson as well as „he-3” the plasma physics expert and engineer of team sits together meets, exchanges views on the concrete experimental design. 接下来的几天里,陆舟基本上都往返在高等研究院和等离子体物理实验室之间,要么是阅读等离子体研究相关的文献,要么便是和拉泽尔松教授以及“he-3”项目组的等离子体物理专家、工程师坐在一起开会,就具体的实验设计交换意见。 Obviously, coming to the end of fundamental research, has not let Lu Zhou idle many, the following new work was makes him busier on the contrary. 很显然,理论研究的告一段落,并没有让陆舟清闲多少,接踵而至的新工作反倒是让他更加忙碌了。 While Lu Zhou is busy with „he-3” project, unknowingly «Math Yearly journal» new edition of Journal publishing time. 就在陆舟忙于“he-3”项目的同时,不知不觉中到了《数学年刊》新一版期刊的出刊时间。 He submits a piece of writing in «Math Yearly journal» on that paper , met with the peers of partial differential equation domain officially. 他投稿在《数学年刊》上的那篇论文,也正式与偏微分方程领域的同行们见了面。 Regarding the publication of this stage achievement, Lu Zhou extremely has not paid attention to the response of mathematics circles. 对于这个阶段成果的发表,陆舟没有太过留意数学界的反应。 At least in his opinion, this is not what specially prominent research results, added a brick based on predecessor at most. 至少在他看来,这算不上什么特别突出的研究成果,顶多只是在前人的研究基础上添了一块砖。 However, sometimes destiny so marvelous. 然而,有时候命运就是如此的奇妙。 The one who makes Lu Zhou unexpected is, the development is expected opposite exactly with him. 让陆舟意想不到的是,事情的发展与他预料中的恰好相反。 This threw into the gravel in lake by him conveniently, has not sunk, instead fetched the water to float in this tranquil lake surface...... 这颗被他随手扔进湖中的石子,并没有就此沉下去,反而在这平静的湖面上打起了水漂……