The minerals type is solid, the coal iron petroleum is most important. 矿产种类实不少,煤铁石油最重要。 The Russia , Brazil Inca beautiful, seven country iron ore reserves are high ; 俄巴中澳印加美,七国铁矿储量高; The coal mine is China , US , Russia, the Asian and European North America anthrax is good ; 煤矿要数中美俄,亚欧北美煤质好; The distribution of petroleum is very centralized, Eastern Russia US , China Mexico and UK. 石油分布很集中,中东俄美中墨英。 ...... …… These words in previous generation geography, Franz still remembers clearly, summarizing is Europe lacks the ore. 前世地理课上的这段话,弗朗茨还记得清清楚楚,总结起来就是欧洲缺矿。 On the one hand is the time of development is too early, consumed to of the 21 st century a lot of resources completely ; On the other hand is the mineral deposit are not really many. 一方面是开发的时间太早,到了21世纪很多资源都消耗殆尽;另一方面则是矿产储量真的不多。 Except that Russia is the only exception, various European countries are the lean ore countries, or is the mineral resource distribution is unitary. Typical for example: Germany, besides the coal and iron ore, almost anything lacks. 除了俄罗斯是唯一的例外,欧洲各国都是贫矿国,或者说是矿产资源分布单一。典型的比如说:德国,除了煤、铁矿外,几乎什么都缺。 Also made many countries envy on this, the industrial age most basic two essential factors had, did the French in next door also lack the coal? 就这还令很多国家羡慕,工业时代最基本的两项要素具备了,隔壁的法国人还缺煤呢？ In comparison, the Austria advantage is happy, perhaps is the territory area is slightly big, basically all mineral resources were prepared. This reserves, somewhat with does not act. 相比之下,奥地利算是幸福的,或许是领土面积略大,基本上所有的矿产资源都齐备了。只是这个储量,就有些拿不出手了。 Naturally, this is also in the relative significance. Contrasted the country of European excluding Russia, the mineral resource that Austria benefitted had the advantage. 当然,这也是相对意义上的。对比欧洲除俄罗斯以外的国家,奥地利的矿产资源还是占据了优势。 These resources were the industrial development that Austria benefitted laid the foundation, Austria benefitted the steel production to surpass the English by 1870 for the first time, to yearly produce 6.48 million tons to leap to first in the world. 这些资源为奥地利的工业发展奠定了基础,到了1870年奥地利钢铁产量第一次超过了英国人,以年产648万吨跃居世界第一。 Naturally the advantage is not distinct, exceeded the English 20,000 tons merely. Causes Austria to benefit the steel production fast growing primary factor, the demand of domestic market grows. 当然优势并不明显,仅仅超过了英国人2万吨。造成奥地利钢铁产量快速增长的主要因素,还是国内市场的需求量增长。 30 million people of home markets, one is 70 million home markets, completed the industrialization, the steel demand is the latter is obviously bigger. 一个三千万人的本土市场,一个是七千万的本土市场,都完成了工业化,钢铁需求量显然是后者更大。 In fact this output still cannot satisfy the market demand, besides the home market, the African colony similarly is also a steel heavy user. 实际上这个产量依然不能够满足市场需求,除了本土市场外,非洲殖民地同样也是一个钢材消耗大户。 According to ministry of industry's providing data, the steel demand that Austria will benefit in the next ten years will turn time, the steel demand Gundam/reaches as high as 1.5 million tons. 根据工业部提供的数据,未来十年内奥地利的钢铁需求量会翻倍,其中钢材需求量高达一百五十万吨。 Saw this data, Franz on the headache. At present the steel production of Bohemia area has met the bottleneck, the output growth slows down, wants to expand the capacity rapidly, only if conducts the technological innovation again. 看到这个数据,弗朗茨就头疼了。目前波西米亚地区的钢铁产量已经遇到了瓶颈,产量增长速度放缓,想要迅速扩充产能,除非再进行技术革新。 However this is not realistic, the steel technology had the revolution some time ago, in a short time makes the breakthrough again, in the existing industrial technology is almost not possible. 然而这不怎么现实,钢铁技术才不久前才发生了革命,短期内再次取得突破,在现有工业技术上几乎是不可能的。 The second steel production base in Bosnia-Herzegovina, although develops rapidly, wants to fill this vacancy, still has a long way to go, within ten years cannot achieve. 波黑的第二钢铁生产基地,虽然发展迅速,想要填补这个空缺,依然有很长的路要走,十年之内根本就达不到。 Now Austria benefits main iron and steel enterprise, mostly centralized in the Bohemia area( later generation Czech Republic area), occupied 63 of national steel production. 现在奥地利最主要的钢铁企业,大都集中在波西米亚地区(后世捷克地区),占据了全国钢铁产量的63。 In addition, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Linz, Bavaria, Wurttemberg, Saxony, Galicia, Silesia and other areas have distributed. 除此之外,波黑、林茨、巴伐利亚、符腾堡、萨克森、加利西亚、西里西亚等地区均有分布。 The primary cause that creates this situation is various, the iron and steel plant in Bavaria, Wurttemberg, Saxony is left over by history, has not developed limited to the resources. 造成这种情况的主要原因是多方面的,巴伐利亚、符腾堡、萨克森的钢铁厂是历史遗留,受限于资源没有发展起来。 The Bosnia is the industry starts is too late, the government is still busy building roads, although the iron and steel enterprise settles down, is unable to display the biggest capacity limited to the transportation in a short time. 波黑地区则是工业起步太晚,政府还在忙着修路,钢铁企业虽然落了户,受限于交通短时间内无法发挥出最大的产能。 Galicia is the government heavy visual degree is insufficient, is unable to compete with Bohemia ; Silesia that is the Prussian pot, they travelled the mess of staying behind, the Vienna government just tidied up. 加利西亚是政府重视度不够,无法和波西米亚竞争;西里西亚那是普鲁士人的锅,他们跑路了留下的烂摊子,维也纳政府刚刚收拾完。 The factor of person can overcome, what is most troublesome is the resource distribution. Austria benefits the coal iron ore to be many, what a pity is not centralized. 人的因素都可以克服,最麻烦的是资源分布。奥地利煤铁矿不少,可惜并不集中。 The iron and steel enterprise must develop, must close up to the raw material habitat, makes the aspect of four sides blossoming. 钢铁企业要发展,必然要向原材料产地靠拢,就造成了四面开花的局面。 It looks like in Franz, the choice of capitalists right. Since must invest, the main purpose is to make money. If far away from the raw material habitat, the product competitiveness is not naturally able to safeguard. 在弗朗茨看来,资本家们的选择都没错。既然要投资,主要目的就是为了赚钱。如果远离原材料产地,产品的竞争力自然就无法保障。 By the present, the heavy industry centralization not suitable Austria to benefit. The resources supplies of each place are limited, can only provide 1 million tons steel the raw material, you are impossible to refine 2 million tons steel. 到了如今,重工业集中化已经不适合奥地利了。每一个地方的资源供给都是有限,只能提供一百万吨钢铁的原材料,你不可能炼出两百万吨钢来。 Must meet the domestic growing need, opens several industrial bases becomes inevitably. Except that German this resources are centralized, almost every industrialized nation, has many industrial bases. 要满足国内日益增长的需求,多开几个工业基地成为了必然的。除了德国这种资源集中的,几乎每一个工业大国,都有多个工业基地。 Carefully read a material, Franz made decided: „ This choice question does not serve as, the by domestic development situation, will be only getting bigger and bigger to the demand of steel. 仔细的看了一遍资料,弗朗茨做出了决定:“这道选择题不用做了,以国内的发展情况,对钢铁的需求量只会越来越大。 Today increases a heavy industry base, tomorrow will increase a heavy industry base, might as well the simultaneous development considers as finished. 今天增加一个重工业基地,明天又增加一个重工业基地,还不如同时开发算了。 Serbia, Silesia and Galicia these areas have to develop the potential of heavy industry base, this same place is listed as! 塞尔维亚、西里西亚、加利西亚这些地区都有发展成重工业基地的潜力,这次一起列项吧！ Other area, so long as simultaneously has the coal mine and iron ore, the transportation relatively is also convenient, similarly can also develop. 别的地区,只要同时具备煤矿、铁矿,交通也相对便捷,同样也可以进行发展。 The government formulates the good corresponding policy, finding the way to solve the transportation problem, the final development gives the enterprise and market. ” 政府制定好相应的政策,想办法解决交通运输问题,最后的发展就交给企业和市场。” This age all governments let matters drift to the industrial development, the industry develops what appearance, basically is decided by the market economy. 这个年代各国政府对工业发展都是放任自流,工业发展成什么样子,基本上都是由市场经济决定的。 Austria benefits this type of government to solve the infrastructure problem, in fact is the administrative measure in the intervention market economy, just does is relatively more vague. 奥地利这种政府解决基础设施问题,实际上已经是行政手段在干预市场经济,只不过做的相对隐晦一些。 This point has a look at Russia of next door to know, as the European resources richest country, 1/20 that the steel production also Austria benefits. 这一点看看隔壁的俄罗斯就知道,作为欧洲资源最丰富的国家,钢铁产量还不到奥地利的20分之一。 This is not the Russia capitalists has not seen the opportunity, was mainly transportation extremely pit. The Tsar government does not give the solution traffic problem, wants them to build roads, who dares to make this business? 这不是俄国资本家们没有看到商机,主要是交通太坑了。沙皇政府不给解决交通问题,要他们自己修路过去,谁敢做这笔买卖？ The Tsar government takes seriously after the transportation, the Russia industry starts to develop truly. It is a pity that Russian Empire was too huge, this road is really the hard to repair. 沙皇政府重视交通过后,俄国工业才开始真正发展。遗憾的是俄罗斯帝国太庞大了,这个路实在是太难修。 Original space and time one pre-war, the Russia person also cultivated/repaired more than 70,000 kilometers, that is all previous Tsar result diligently. 原时空一战前,俄国人也只是修了七万多公里,那已经是历代沙皇努力的结果。 Before passing through, Franz also often complained the transportation of Russia person, after to this world, his concept changed. 穿越前弗朗茨也经常吐槽俄国人的交通,到了这个世界后,他的观念就发生了变化。 The road in Russian Empire is the real hard to repair, builds a railroad in the snow and ice state, the technical difficulty and construction cost are far higher than various European countries, the Tsar government is a poor devil. 俄罗斯帝国的路是真难修,在冰雪国度修铁路,技术难度、建造成本都远高于欧洲各国,偏偏沙皇政府又是一个穷鬼。 „Wants first to build roads richly”, these words a little also right. The money of however continually building roads does not have, this tragedy. “想要富先修路”,这句话一点儿也没错。然而连修路的钱都没有,这就悲剧了。 What tragedy is the railroad of Russia person constructs the cost to be high not only, the maintenance cost is also far higher than various European countries. Even if the railroad laid, cannot guarantee that throughout the year can be open to traffic. 更悲剧的是俄国人的铁路不光修建成本高,维护成本也远高于欧洲各国。就算是铁路修通了,也不能保证一年四季都可以通车。 In order to guarantee the railroad is unimpeded, the railway company has to invest large numbers of workers to maintain in the winter, many road sections only take several hours, the snow will cover the railroad. 为了保证铁路畅通,铁路公司在冬天不得不投入大量的工人进行维护,很多路段只需要几个小时,积雪就会覆盖铁路。 Such a came the operation cost of railroad also to come up, the transport expense naturally also increased. The inexpensive industrial material, after undergoing transportation from afar , becomes not inexpensive. 这么一来铁路的运营成本也就上去了,运费自然也增加了。原本廉价的工业原材料,经过了千里迢迢的运输后,也变得不在廉价。 Originally has a late start, must face the so bad condition, in addition decayed of Tsar government, the industry of Russia person has not developed, does not sound queer. 本来就起步晚,又要面临如此恶劣的条件,加上沙皇政府的腐朽,俄国人的工业没有发展起来,也就不令人奇怪了。 It is estimated that these issues, Alexander II did not have the thoughts to consider, he is also busy leading the Russia people to open up wasteland greatly. 估计这些问题,亚历山大二世还没有心思考虑,他还忙着率领俄国民众大开荒。 It is not right, opened up wasteland greatly has conducted nearly for two years, how now should process to worry for the new grain. 不对,大开荒已经进行快两年了,现在应该在为新增的粮食怎么处理而发愁。 To sell the grain, must first be able to transport. The grain of Ukrainian area did not say that grain export of Russian Empire mainly from here. 想要把粮食卖出去,首先要能够运出来。乌克兰地区的粮食就不说了,俄罗斯帝国的粮食出口主要就是来自这里。 The grain of Moscow area also has the means that can transport through the rivers. The grain of Caucasus, first builds roads, without the railroad really made one have a headache very much. 莫斯科地区的粮食也有办法,可以通过河流运输出去。高加索地区的粮食,先修路吧,没有铁路真的很令人头疼。 What most tragedy is the Siberia plain, the Russia people that here open up wasteland on the tragedy, the climatic conditions bad did not say, the place that after all Tsar gives endured also on the past. 最悲剧的是西伯利亚平原,在这里开荒的俄国民众就悲剧了,气候条件恶劣不说,毕竟沙皇给的地多忍忍也就过去了。 The transportation problem made one have a headache, the rivers were exist, the prerequisite your family's land must coast of the rivers, and must guarantee that this river can be open normally. 运输问题就令人头疼了,河流是存在的,前提条件你家的土地必须在河流沿岸,并且还要保证这条河能够正常通航。 Alexander II exempted the tax of new reclaimed land luckily, otherwise the tax collectors must collapse. In the people pockets does not have money, pays taxes they to receive with the grain, doesn't receive? 幸好亚历山大二世免了新开垦土地的税,不然的话税务官们都要崩溃。民众兜里没钱,拿粮食交税他们收呢,还是不收呢？ Perhaps to the Russia people, this is also the happy worry. Did not need to be worried to starve, if crossed again on for several years, everyone warehouse will pile up with the grain. 或许对俄国民众来说,这也是幸福的烦恼。再也不用担心挨饿了,如果再过上几年,大家仓库都会堆满粮食。 The time is short, temporarily could not have looked might that opens up wasteland greatly, but looked that big data Franz knows Alexander II this time reformed successfully half. 时间还短,暂时还看不出来大开荒的威力,不过看大数据弗朗茨就知道亚历山大二世这次改革成功了一半。 The grain means the price to be low, besides can the belly of filling farmer, but can also support large numbers of workers with the minimum cost. 粮食多意味着价格低,除了能够填饱农民的肚子外,还可以用最低的成本养活大量的工人。 Everyone ate to the full the food, the country also stabilized. At least in several years, most Russian People will feel satisfied. 大家都吃饱了饭,国家也就稳定了。至少在数十年内,大部分俄罗斯民众会感到满足。 The only issue is able to withstand the counter-attack of conservative faction, opened up so many lands newly, how the Russia aristocrats can not move? 唯一的问题在于能不能顶住保守派的反击,新开垦了这么多土地,俄国贵族们怎么会不动心呢？ After waits opens up wasteland to complete, some people jump to pick the peach. If cannot contain the land annexation, then Russian Empire will beset with a crisis in again. 等开荒完成过后,就有人跳出来摘桃子了。如果不能遏制土地兼并,那么俄罗斯帝国还是会再次陷入危机中。 The land annexation or the future issue, at present the biggest trouble is the grain sale. If so many grain cannot sell in the international market, that pleasure may be big. 土地兼并还是未来的问题,眼下最大的麻烦就是粮食销售。要是这么多粮食在国际市场上卖不出去,那乐子可就大了。 This time does not need too for a long time, next year or year after next, Russian Empire will present the grain supply in excess of demand embarrassed. 这个时间不需要太久,明年或者后年,俄罗斯帝国就会出现粮食供过于求的窘迫。 So far, the Russia person at least opened 200 million mu cultivated land newly, this number is almost Austria benefits the native cultivated area half. 截止到目前为止,俄国人至少新开辟了2亿亩耕地,这个数字已经差不多是奥地利本土耕地面积的一半。 The Russia person newly developed land is quite luckily rotten, the grain yield is relatively low, many places can only grow season potato. 幸好俄国人新开发的土地比较烂,粮食产量相对较低,很多地方都只能种植一季土豆。 The land that if according to Austria benefits delivers the standard, this grain yield, can explode to the brace the international grain market directly. 要是按照奥地利的土地产出标准,这个粮食产量,能够把国际粮食市场直接给撑爆了。 In order to deal with the Russia grain impact international market, Austria benefitted has started to keep in stock, many astute farm operators prepared to replant the industrial crop. 为了应对俄国粮食冲击国际市场,奥地利已经开始去库存了,不少精明的农场主都准备改种经济作物。 As for the grain processing industry, is still the world that Austria benefits. Using the advantage of producing and marketing by oneself, these years have defeated many competitors, controlled grain market's terminal pricing. 至于粮食加工业,依然是奥地利的天下。利用自产自销的优势,这些年已经击败了众多竞争对手,掌控了粮食市场的终端定价。 The Russia person exits the grain even, majority still first exits Austria to benefit, after completing the precision work, then sells to various European countries. 俄国人就算是出口粮食,大部分也是先出口到奥地利,完成精加工之后,再出售给欧洲各国。 Gets there first, in this superior short-term will not change. Only if the Russia person completes the industrialization, own processing industry develops. 近水楼台先得月,这种优势短期内不会发生改变。除非俄国人完成工业化,自身的加工业发展起来。 This involved the industry, wanted to change is not issue in one single day. Taking bread flour processing industry for instance: Russia enterprise production the bread flour not only the cost is high, but also the quality is not good. 这又涉及到了工业,想要改变不是一朝一夕的问题。以面粉加工业为例:俄国企业生产出来的面粉不但成本高,而且质量还不好。 The bread flour that now in the Russian Empire many city market conditions sells, Austria benefits the production unexpectedly, knows the product competitiveness of Russia enterprise strongly. 现在俄罗斯帝国不少城市市面上销售的面粉,居然还是奥地利生产的,就知道俄国企业的产品竞争力有多强。 The machinery of this age is not that easy-to-use, like the face grinder of later generation, is not the fool operation, the casual what people can grasp. 这个年代的机械不是那么好用的,不像后世的磨面机,都是傻瓜式操作,随便什么人都可以掌握。 The present machinery is the high tech, without the specialized technical personnel, plays radically does not transfer, the weak area on talent is not easy to make up. 现在的机械都属于高科技,没有专业的技术人员,根本就玩儿不转,人才上的短板不是那么容易弥补的。 To send for the culture technique worker, is not that easy. This age various countries exit|to speak mechanical device, buried many thunder in advance. 想要派人培养技术工人,也不是那么容易。这个年代各国出口机械设备,都预埋了很多雷。 For example Austria benefits the mechanical device of exit|to speak, the instruction booklet is the uniform German, perhaps to essential place, but must clamp in several local dialects. 比如说奥地利出口的机械设备,说明书都是清一色的德文,没准到了关键地方,还要夹在几句当地方言。 Even the specialized translation, can certainly make clear the meaning. That what to do? Naturally invites the expert, by the late labor services exporting, the enterprise can gain one again. 就算是专业的翻译,都一定能够搞清楚意思。那怎么办？自然是请专家了,靠后期劳务输出,企业又可以再赚上一笔。 If black heart a little, will also set ambush in certain places, lets the buyer intentionally, because does not know the circumstances of the matter to operate improper , to continue to gain the late maintenance expense. 要是黑心一点儿的,还会在某些地方打埋伏,故意让买家因为不知情操作不当,继续赚后期维护费。 This also why everyone imported the European most advanced equipment, must tossing about back and forth, not make the factory make money, do not want to begin smoothly. 这也是为什么大家进口了欧洲最先进的设备,都要来来回回的折腾,不让厂家赚足了钱,就不要想顺利开工。 Even some unscrupulous merchants first under selling mechanical device, after luring the buyer was swindled, on the mechanical device fudges, makes the sudden and huge profits by the late maintenance. 甚至有些无良商家先低价出售机械设备,诱使购买者上当后,又在机械设备上动手脚,靠后期维护赚取暴利。 These invisible barriers, in this age without the technological barrier, the industrial production level of all countries in the world, can draw to online. 要不是这些无形的障碍,在这个没有技术壁垒的年代,世界各国的工业生产水平,都可以拉到一条线上。 In the entire industry, this is not considered as that what secret, even many buyers know, the transaction possibly has the loophole. 在整个行业中,这不算是什么秘密,甚至很多买家都知道,交易可能存在着漏洞。 However they do not have to choose, this is the school expense that the successor must pay. Now does not hand over, in the future will hand over will be more. 然而他们没得选择,这是后来者要交的学费。现在不交,未来交得还会更多。 To obtain the big powers directly the industrial technology, increases to the world advanced level rapidly, washes to rest! 想要直接获得列强的工业技术,迅速攀升到世界先进水平,还是洗洗睡吧！ The big powers do not make the charity, to guarantee own technology is in the lead, buries the nail most conventional operation intentionally. 列强又不是做慈善的,为了保证自己的技术领先,故意埋钉子只是最常规的操作。 Otherwise this pursues the industrial power, so long as duplicates a technology of opposite party overall, can pull closer the disparity rapidly. 要不然这个追赶工业强国,只要全盘复制一遍对方的技术,就可以把差距迅速拉近。 Is such good deed possible? If so easy, was insufficient so many years to pass, law Austria both countries were the pursuers of English. 这样的好事怎么可能呢？要是这么容易的话,也不至于这么多年过去了,法奥两国都是英国人的追赶者。 The second Industrial Revolution erupts, it is estimated that the advantage of English, but can also continue to maintain a long time. 要不是第二次工业革命爆发,估计英国人的优势,还可以继续保持很长一段时间。