HRE :: Volume #1

#27: February revolution

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Not is only the Austria advantage has this problem, is the aristocrat military officer has the dominant position including the Prussia, France, Britain, Russia and other European countries. 不光是奥地利存在这个问题,包括普鲁士、法国、英国、俄罗斯等欧洲国家都是贵族军官占主导地位。 This situation has continued after the world war, experienced the baptism of the world war, the aristocrat military officer loses seriously, does not have enough reserve force supplement, finally lost the leading power in army. 这种情况一直持续到了世界大战过后,经历了世界大战的洗礼,贵族军官损失惨重,没有足够的后备力量补充,最后丧失了在军队中的主导权。 In comparison, Austria benefits is also lucky, the one who is in the dominant position is the German aristocrat, because of the traditional relations, they have the good military accomplishment mostly. 相比之下,奥地利还算是幸运的,占据主导地位的是德意志贵族,因为传统的关系,他们大都拥有不错的军事素养。 These aristocrat military officers, in this age are the rare high intellectuals, if some people take the whip to force them to try hard in behind, is the grass-roots officer not to have the issue. 这些贵族军官,在这个年代都是难得的高知识分子,如果有人拿着鞭子在后面逼迫他们努力,担任基层军官还是没有问题的。 For the future that Austria benefits, for the happiness of European people, for the development of entire human race, Franz felt that clear destiny, to here should not be the will of God. 为了奥地利的未来,为了欧洲人民的幸福,为了全人类的发展,弗朗茨就感觉到了昭昭天命,不对这里应该是上帝的意志。 No matter what transformed in any case Austria benefitted the aristocrat next generation greatly, he has decided to receive, now also just starts. 反正改造奥地利贵族下一代的大任,他已经决定接下了,现在还只是刚刚开始。 ...... …… The wheel of history comes in waves, after Sicily the revolution erupts in January/one month, quick spreads to northern Italy, to defend security of Lombardy and Venice, the Vienna government also increased the reinforcements to the local area, the situation is stood firm temporarily. 历史的车轮滚滚而来,西西里岛一月革命爆发后,很快就向北意大利蔓延,为了为了保卫伦巴第和威尼斯的安全,维也纳政府也向当地增派了援军,局势暂时被稳住了。 Before Great Revolution erupts, the European working class is in abyss of suffering, take France for instance: 在大革命爆发前,欧洲工人阶级都处于水深火热之中,以法国为例: Worker wage level very low, the male worker every day the wages approximately about 2 francs, the female worker approximately in 1 franc high and low, the 13 ~ 16-year-old child laborer wage are only 75 live Ding, the 8 ~ 12-year-old child laborer only 45 lives Ding. 工人工资水平非常的低,男工每天工资大约在二法郎左右,女工大约在一法郎上下,13~16岁的童工薪水仅为75生丁,8~12岁的童工仅有45生丁。 At that time the most inexpensive black bread, the price also surpassed 30 to live Ding Mei kilogram, the income of working class can only maintain the livelihood reluctantly. 当时最廉价的黑面包,价格也超过了30生丁每千克,工人阶级的收入只能勉强维持生计。 ( 1840 data) (1840年的数据) Superficially, as if the treatment of male worker also assembles, the treatment of female worker and child laborer very low. 表面上看,似乎男工的待遇还凑合,女工和童工的待遇非常的低。 In fact the capitalist is not a fool, the squeezing out profit that they can maximize, these money are trading with the life, the male worker needs to undertake more arduous physical labor. 实际上资本家不是傻子,他们会最大化的榨取利润,这些钱都是用命在换,男工需要承担更加繁重的体力劳动。 Almost they every day the shiwuliu-hour operating time, doing were many physical strength nature consumption to be quick, the energy that needs to supplement must certainly have. 几乎他们每天长达十五六个小时的工作时间,干得多了体力自然消耗就快,需要补充的能量当然也少不了。 This point can look from the life span, the arduous labor force, making the mean lifetimes of workers also be less than 40 years old, even many heavy physical labor industry is also lower than 35 years old. 这一点从寿命上就可以看出来,繁重的劳动力,让工人们的平均寿命还不到40岁,甚至很多重体力劳动行业还低于35岁。 In 1846, because was burning hot and arid, causes the wheat and legumes poor harvest, the principal grains of France were therefore threatened seriously, cause the grain price to rise suddenly. 1846年,因炎热和干旱,使小麦和豆类歉收,法国的主粮因此受到严重威胁,引起粮价猛涨。 In 1845, the price of 100 liters wheat was 17.15 francs, but rose to 1847 to 43 francs, rose suddenly in Haut-Rhin to 49.5 francs, individual local unexpectedly over 50 francs. 1845年,100公升小麦的价格是17.15法郎,而到1847年上涨了到43法郎,在上莱茵省暴涨到49.5法郎,个别地区竟超过50法郎。 Especially generally rises 100 to 150 in northern and northeastern France grain price, the price of bread rose time. 尤其是在法国北部和东北部谷物价格普遍上涨100至150,面包的价格上涨了倍。 What rises, is the wages does not rise, the day of working class naturally does not feel better. 什么都涨,就是工资不涨,工人阶级的日子自然是不好过了。 The room leaks meets continually the night rain, 1847 British economic crisis, affected France. 屋漏偏逢连夜雨,1847年的英国经济危机,又波及到了法国。 The rise in price and farmer 10 cents of grain relations do not have, they are only because the grain yield reduces, income large scale falling, internal purchasing power of France drops. 粮食的价格上涨和农民一毛钱的关系都没有,他们只是因为粮食产量降低,收入大幅度的下跌,法国的内部购买力下降。 Under this situation, the inexpensive industrial product of Britain flushed, the industry and commerce of France faced a blow to the head immediately. 在这种背景下,英国的廉价工业制品冲了进来,法国的工商业立即遭到了当头一棒。 In 1847 the industrial output value of Paris was 1.463 billion francs, dropped 6.77 francs at the beginning of 1848. 1847年巴黎的工业产值为14.63亿法郎,到了1848年初就下降到了6.77法郎。 Cut in two at the waist will also hit a 10% discount from now on, light/only looked that this number knows the French industry and commerce has whinned a piece, short one year, France had over a thousand business failures. 腰斩过后还打了个九折,光看这个数字就知道法国工商业已经哀嚎一片,短短的一年时间里,法国就有上千家企业倒闭。 In the back of enterprise crazy bankruptcy, naturally must have a birth of unemployed, the social contradiction of France is intense day after day. 在企业疯狂倒闭的背后,自然少不了一支失业大军的诞生,法国的社会矛盾日渐尖锐。 Under this situation, July Monarchy not only has not taken any effective measure, instead is the embezzlement becomes common practice, the scandal emerges one after another incessantly. 在这种背景下,七月王朝不但没有拿出任何有效措施,反而是贪污成风,丑闻层出不穷。 Austria Libyan government formulation «Labor protection» passes to after Paris, caused the stir in the working class rapidly. 奥地利政府制定的《劳工保护法》传到巴黎过后,迅速在工人阶级内部引起了轰动。 The Paris government of lagging behind, wanted to block off the flow of news already late, naturally they did not have such execution. 后知后觉的巴黎政府,想要封锁消息已经晚了,当然他们本身就不具备这样的执行力。 The large-scale worker strike movement starts to erupt from Paris, spreads to France rapidly, but also affected other European areas. 大规模的工人罢工运动从巴黎开始爆发,迅速向法国蔓延,还波及到了欧洲其他地区。 While worker greatly strike, the peasant class also erupted the counter- hungry movement, 7 started from 1847, because of farmer who the grain crop failure and debt crisis went bankrupt, raised snatched the grain unrest. 在工人大罢工的同时,农民阶级也爆发了反饥饿运动,从1847年七开始,因粮食欠收和债务危机破产的农民,掀起了抢粮风潮。 They smashed the landlord manor, usurps the grain shop, kills the grain speculator. This movement also affected the city hungrily, the belly could not withstand the unemployed worker also joined, „was in a tumult known as bread.” 他们捣毁了地主庄园,强占粮店,打死粮食投机商。这一运动还波及到了城市,肚子饿的承受不住了的失业工人也加入了进去,史称“面包骚动。” The unceasing collapse of social order, caused bourgeoisie's dissatisfaction over the government. 社会秩序的不断崩坏,也引起了资产阶级对政府的不满。 Originally in the economic crisis, everyone loses seriously, just prepared to gain one on the grain, makes up for the injured mind. 本来在经济危机中,大家都损失惨重,刚刚准备在粮食上赚上一笔,弥补一下受伤的心灵。 It turned out that the French farmers were too fierce, the battle efficiency of working class also quite powerful, others could not afford begin to snatch directly, did this also make the capitalists live? 结果发现法国农民太凶猛了,工人阶级的战斗力也相当的强悍,人家买不起就直接动手抢了,这还让不让资本家们活了？ At this time, the French bourgeoisie also had the fission, besides some those with vested interests, most people was the opponent of July Monarchy. 这个时候,法国资产阶级也发生了分裂,除了部分既得利益者外,大部分人都是七月王朝的反对者。 Including dynasty opposition and republican faction, republican faction and difference: Milliyet sends and reformist. Although the political opinions of various factions are various, to oppose July Monarchy they have stood in one temporarily. 包括王朝反对派和共和派,其中共和派又分:国民报派和改革派。尽管各派的政治主张各不相同,但是为了反对七月王朝他们已经临时站在了一起。 Guizot government incompetently obviously general, the opposition initiated the every large or small 70 banquets across the country, many places shouted that publicly revolutionary slogan, unexpectedly had not been suppressed. 基佐政府无能可见一般,反对派在全国范围内发起了大大小小70次宴会,很多地方都公开喊出了革命的口号,居然没有遭到镇压。 Incompetent of government, making the Revolutionary Party member see clearly their actual situation, started to prepare for the armed uprising. 政府的无能,让革命党人看清了他们的虚实,开始为武装起义做准备。 The demonstration to the Paris People, like nothing out of the ordinary. On February 22 , 1848, forbade the banquet movement because of the discontented government, the Paris People stepped onto the street protest demonstration. 游行示威对巴黎民众来说,如同是家常便饭。1848年2月22日,因不满政府禁止宴会运动,巴黎民众走上街头抗议示威。 Had anything specifically, Franz is not clear. In brief, the history as if had the slight change, that night the Paris People revolted, February revolution eruption. 具体发生了什么,弗朗茨就不清楚了。总之,历史似乎发生了细微的改变,当天晚上巴黎民众就起义了,二月革命爆发。 After revolt eruption, revolution to the five rapid expansion, the student, worker, resident and capitalists participated, naturally the capitalist rarely has to take up the weapon to go forth to battle, they are supporting secretly. 起义爆发过后,革命的对伍急剧扩大,学生、工人、市民、资本家都参与了进来,当然资本家很少有拿起武器上阵的,他们都在幕后进行支持。 By Guizot government that the revolution awakens, reassigns the army to suppress the revolution hastily, was very regrettable they to underestimate the military and civilian love and harmony of France. 被革命惊醒的基佐政府,连忙抽调抽调军队镇压革命,很遗憾他们低估了法国的军民鱼水情。 Even in the army still the supporters of many revolution, most national self-defense corps refuse to carry out the revolution of government, part of army direct treachery. 就算是军队中也不乏革命的支持者,大部分国民自卫军都拒绝执行政府的革命,还有一部分军队直接倒戈了。 The following matter, Franz can only make up by the brain, a more detailed information, is not easy to obtain. 后面的事情,弗朗茨就只能靠脑补了,更加详细的情报,已经不是那么容易获得的了。 In brief, on the afternoon of February 23 , 1848, French king Louis Philippe for the moderate situation, recalled Guizot government, appointed liberal Molay to form a cabinet, attempts to subside the anger of bourgeoisie. 总之,1848年2月23日下午,法国国王路易-菲利普为了缓和局势,罢免了基佐政府,任命自由派莫莱组阁,企图平息了资产阶级的怒火。
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