Whole body of ministers hears word did not speak, only then Wei Zheng bright sound said: „Although has not followed your majesty to subjugate the world, but since Wu De, several months, Son of Heaven has had three wrong later merely, by this view it, the errors are many.” 群臣闻言都不说话,只有魏征朗声道:“虽然不曾跟随陛下征讨天下,但武德后期以来,仅仅数月,天子就有三错,以此观之,错漏不少。” A Li Shimin hears Yanxin stem, Wei Zheng, may really have your. 李世民闻言心一梗,魏征,可真有你的啊。 Ok, person who oneself elect. 算了,自己选的人。 Luo Su smiles, Wei Zheng indeed is a talent. 洛苏笑了笑,魏征的确是个人才。 He continues the bright sound said: „ A person cannot the series view overall situation. 他继续朗声道:“一个人是不能统观全局的。 Three state systems, the power minute/share of prime minister will arrive on the people, all government orders, after three save senior official's relapse discussion. 三省制度,将丞相的权力分到众人身上,所有的政令,经过三省长官的反复商议。 One group of most intelligent wise men, are everyone, to each government order by own wisdom, proposes opinion. 一群最聪明的智者,就是诸位,对每一条政令都以自己的智慧,去提出意见。 A person will make a mistake, if one group of people make a mistake, issue that could not solve. 一个人会出错,如果一群人都出错的话,那就是解决不了的问题了。 The Sui dynasty had three state systems, but that three state systems were spatial, Yang Jian and Yang Guang did not take seriously three provinces, but was the sovereign's power is arbitrary, cannot play the role of this system. 隋朝有三省制度,但那个三省制度是空的,杨坚和杨广都不重视三省,而是乾纲独断,不能发挥这个制度的作用。 System that therefore in the future Tang should have, is called three provinces, is other names, the principle that must adhere to only has one. 所以未来大唐所应该具有的制度,无论是叫做三省,还是其他的名字,所要坚持的原则只有一个。 The wisdom of set people, rather than a wisdom of person, governs a world. 集合众人的智慧,而不是一个人的智慧,去治理一个天下。 Only if that person has been right, has been right, has never made a mistake. ” 除非那个人一直对,一直对,从未出过错。” Luo Su said to the almost all person attending prime minister, was an inspiration, position that they never the so clear feeling oneself existence, as well as placed, regarding indispensable of empire. 洛苏所言对几乎所有人与会的宰相来说,都是一种鼓舞,他们从未如此清晰的感受到自己的存在,以及自己身处的位置,对于帝国的不可或缺。 In the past several hundred years, along with disappearance of Jin difficulty feudal lord, that host consciousness, had vanished, the prime minister becomes the tool of power, but now Luo Su tells the monarchy and official, the prime minister and Son of Heaven were to a certain extent same, but the prime minister can trade, Son of Heaven cannot trade. 在过去的数百年中,伴随着靖难诸侯的消失,那种主人翁意识,已经消失了,宰相成为了权力的工具,而现在洛苏告诉君主以及臣子,宰相和天子在某种程度上是一样的,只不过宰相可以换,天子不能换而已。 The Li Shimin talent is very high, as soon as he listened to Luo Su saying that immediately asks: „Country master , that three state politics hall prime minister regards the angle of view of the world in this case, to be consistent?” 李世民天赋很高,他一听完洛苏所说,立刻就问道:“国师,如果这样的话,那三省政事堂宰相看待天下的视角,岂不是要一致？” Luo Su gives the affirmation to Li Shimin's keen, „ right, the prime minister in politics hall can the private relationship not be good, but the concept is similar. 洛苏对李世民的敏锐给予肯定,“没错,政事堂的宰相可以私人关系不好,但观念要类似。 The monarchies when selecting the prime minister as well as dismiss fall the prime minister, should not by personal like to do. 君主在拔擢宰相以及黜落宰相时,不应该以私人喜好去做。 For example the present Tang wanted the line of Way of the King policies of benevolence, Prime Minister everyone in that politics hall, wanted the heart toward to cause one piece, rather than puts the person who these will destroy the policy. ” 譬如现在大唐要行王道仁政,那政事堂中的诸位宰相,就要心往一块使,而不是将那些会破坏政策的人放进来。” The whole body of ministers looking pensive, Fang Xuanling asked: „Country master, just like you said a moment ago, Emperor Wen Yang Jian and Emperor Yang of Sui Yang Guang, looked but not see three provinces, how should my Tang avoid?” 群臣若有所思,房玄龄问道:“国师,正如您刚才所说,隋文帝杨坚和隋炀帝杨广,对三省视而不见,我大唐又该如何避免呢？” Luo Su returns said: „ Since the ancient times, has what power regarding the prime minister, in fact had not clearly stipulated. 洛苏回道:“自古以来,对于宰相到底有什么权力,实际上并没有明确规定。 Must have what power regarding Son of Heaven, had not clearly stipulated. 对于天子应当有什么权力,也没有明确规定。 Theoretically whether there is Son of Heaven must power completely, but in the reality, will actually cause the disaster. 天子理论上应当有无尽的权力,但现实中,却总是会引起祸患。 Son of Heaven had spoken this matter with me, lets Son of Heaven. ” 天子曾经和我讲过此事,让天子自己来说吧。” Li Shimin clears throat, said seriously: „ Before Us, some date and time and country masters discussed, has obtained occasionally, starting today, the Son of Heaven imperial order does not pass through the passing of secretariat and chancellery, in the capping the book hanger-on great seal, regards as illegally, the following government official can refuse to carry out. 李世民清了清喉咙,郑重道:“朕前些时日和国师相谈,偶有所得,从今日起,天子诏令不经过中书省和门下省的通过,加盖中书门下大印,就视作非法,下面的官吏可以拒绝执行。 We hope that can, prevent the production of chaotic life in this manner, preventing Us to make the wrong decision, causes the big harm. ” 朕希望可以用这种方式,来防止乱命的产生,防止朕做出错误的决定,造成大的危害。” Then in the palace has the tumult immediately, Wei Zheng's eyes open the eyes big, in the heart appears a few words, completes the crown prince, you lose is not injust, can for the world, the person of driving standard monarchy power, why you fight with him? 这下殿中顿时有骚动,魏征的眼睛睁的大大的,心中浮现出一句话,建成太子,你输的不冤啊,一个为了天下,能够主动规范君主权力的人,你凭什么和他斗呢？ Li Shimin does, is not very ordinary, he can make this decision, to be honest, was Luo Su also shocks, really worthily was electing of first Saint king he settled on. 李世民所做的,很不一般,他能做出这个决定,说句实话,是洛苏也为之震撼的,真不愧是他看中的第一圣王之选。 If the kings really want to make anything, by this political convention, the officials naturally cannot block merely, does not have any system can defend People like Yang Guang. 君王如果真的想要做什么,仅仅凭借这个政治惯例,臣子们自然是拦不住的,没有任何制度能防得住杨广这种人。 But this system regarding middle-grade as well as above monarchy, helped too be big. 但这个制度对于中等以及之上的君主,帮助就太大了。 For example present Li Shimin in the fit of temper, issued an order, according to the past convention, after the government official received the imperial order, was does or does not do? 比如现在李世民在气头上,下达了一个命令,按照过去的惯例,官吏接到诏令后,是做还是不做呢？ Does not do does not respect the decree, doing, but this obviously is the chaotic life. 不做就是不尊奉旨意,做了但这明显是乱命。 But now, Li Shimin in the fit of temper imperial order, cannot pass in book hanger-on there, after that subordinate Shangshu state receives the imperial order, can say one, „without book hanger-on, how is the imperial edict?” 而现在,李世民在气头上的诏令,在中书门下那里就过不去,那下级尚书省接到诏令后,就可以说一句,“未经中书门下,何以为诏？” Has not passed through the secretariat and chancellery, is what imperial edict, this is the chaotic life. 没有经过中书省和门下省的,算什么诏书,这是乱命。 When Li Shimin was mad disappeared, this matter also passed even, this was the value of this system, this was one type the restriction of power to monarchial power. 等到李世民气消了,这件事也就算是过去了,这就是这个制度的可贵之处,这是一种相权对君权的制约。 Among the prime minister keeps in balance mutually, between the prime minister and monarchy keep in balance mutually, one group of person mutual supervision opposite party, one group of people supplement each other. 宰相之间互相制衡,宰相和君主之间互相制衡,一群人互相监督对方,一群人互相补充对方。 Stable and effective. 稳定而有效。 Even if by Luo Su the vision of passing through the past and present, he could not discover a better prime minister system. 即便以洛苏通贯古今的眼光来看,他也找不出一种更好的宰相制度了。 The prime minister in palace all deeply admires before Li Shimin, „your majesty wise supernatural might, the feudal official and other history books, have not seen it.” 殿中的宰相皆深深拜服在李世民面前,“陛下英明神武,臣等数遍史书,不曾见之。” Li Shimin was very happy, he always to treat people honestly, even wants to give to follow own General everyone, the hereditary provincial governor, this was equivalent was big line to enfeoff initially. 李世民很高兴,他一向以诚待人,甚至想要给跟随自己的诸位将军,世袭刺史,这相当于当初大行分封。 Li Shimin regarding is very clear, is not to completely in own hand that the power looks, he can only control with himself. 李世民对于权力看的很清楚,并不是一定要全部把在自己手中,他只拿自己能掌控住的。 Unnecessary, cannot manage, divides, he thinks that this can govern the good country. 多余的、管不过来的,就分出去,他认为这样才能治理好国家。 Has saying that this idea is very advanced, Emperor Wen that type embraced all powers, finally finally could not do, repeatedly the behavior of mistake final disaster world common people, Li Shimin quite despised. 不得不说,这种想法很是先进,隋文帝那种把所有权力都揽到手中,结果最后干不过来,频频出错最终祸乱天下百姓的行为,李世民是相当鄙视的。 Li Shimin saw that Prime Minister everyone slightly were quiet, then said to Luo Su: „Requests the country masters to continue for various Sir/minister to tell.” 李世民见到诸位宰相都稍微平静了一些,便对洛苏道:“烦请国师继续为诸卿讲述。” Luo Su nods also said slowly: „ Now Tang's about servant by Shangshu shot, the book command, hanger-on to wait on these three saves the senior official, equaled six artificial prime minister, took knowing the politics, the ginseng/partake knowledge politics and same book hanger-on three, same book hanger-on even Zhangshi for the prime minister. 洛苏点点头又缓缓说道:“如今大唐以尚书左右仆射、中书令、门下侍中这三省长官,合计六人为宰相,又以知政事、参知政事、同中书门下三品、同中书门下平章事为宰相。 Why great variety hence, everyone, when must know profound meaning, this is for does not omit the great ability in the wilderness. 为何种类繁多至此,诸位当要知晓其中深意,这是为了不遗漏大才在荒野之中。 The old saying often said four characters, the politics pure brightness, is that what called the politics pure brightness? 古话常说四个字,政治清明,那什么叫做政治清明呢？ Can everyone know? 诸位可知晓？ The book made you. ” 中书令你来说一下。” Luo Su this mentioned by name suddenly, a little studied when probably initially suddenly was selected by the master, Du Ruhui also shook. 洛苏这突然点名,有点像是当初读书时突然被夫子点到,杜如晦还抖了一下。 Politics pure brightness. 政治清明。 This does not need to think, he said directly: „So-called politics pure brightness, is Monarch bright feudal official virtue , without the crafty villain to offer the slanderous talk, when this is Saint Wang Zhishi, scene that all can present, after three generations, when man (Han) Emperor Xiaowen, may can be called the politics pure brightness.” 这都不用多想,他直接说道:“所谓政治清明,便是君明臣贤,没有奸佞小人进献谗言,这是圣王治世时,皆会出现的场景,三代之后,汉孝文皇帝时,可称得上政治清明。” Luo Su hears word shows neither approval nor disapproval, asked: „Does profound Chen you feel?” 洛苏闻言不置可否,又问道:“玄辰你觉得呢？” Luo Su selected profound Chen's name, the vision of people throws, wants to listen to Luo to have what view, Luo Su does not report to profound Chen actually too in a big way hopes. 洛苏点了洛玄辰的名字,众人的目光都投过来,想要听听洛氏子有什么看法,洛苏自己倒是对洛玄辰不报太大希望。 After all profound Chen's talent compared with room Du this top prime minister, difference is a little far, profound Chen's advantage is a good judge of character and academic, the logarithmic technique also compares to excel, the character is dignified, can therefore be the army logistics officer. 毕竟洛玄辰的天赋比起房杜这种顶级宰相来说,差的有点远,洛玄辰的优势在识人和学术,对数术也比较擅长,性格威严谨慎,所以能作为大军后勤官。 Now makes board of personnel Shangshu, the host choose the officer, and imperial civil service examination progressive board of personnel inspection, is appropriate, really makes him make the prime minister or the time, he does not have that ability. 现在做吏部尚书,主持选官,以及科举进步的吏部考核,就非常合适,真让他去做首相或者次相,他也没有那个能力。 After profound Chen leaves ranks, said on the clear and resonant voice: „ Politics pure brightness was not worried that the unexpected misfortune dies, is not punished for an offense because of the spoken language, is not punished for an offense because of the fabrication. 洛玄辰出列后就朗声说道:“政治清明就是不担心无妄之灾而死,就是不因为言语而获罪,就是不因莫须有而获罪。 Whole body of ministers hundred liao, fearless day of death, but can at the government affairs, have a duty specially respectively, this is the politics pure brightness. ” 群臣百僚,不惶惶终日,而能专于政务,各有所职,这就是政治清明。” The angle and Du Ruhui who profound Chen said are also different, is more concrete, is more explicit, the people listen to acclaim, thinks he said is very reasonable. 洛玄辰所说的角度与杜如晦又不同,更具体,更明确,众人听罢都赞叹,认为他说的很是有道理。 Luo Su also asked several people, basically was mostly the same except for minor differences, had profound Chen's speaking, the remaining several people, approximate general imagined the political pure brightness scene to describe. 洛苏又问了几个人,基本上大同小异,有了洛玄辰的出言,剩下的几个人,大致上将自己想象中的政治清明的场景描述了一番。 The Luo Su hear has turned the head to ask that suddenly Li Shimin said: „Does Son of Heaven think?” 洛苏听罢突然转过头问李世民道:“天子认为呢？” Li Shimin caresses the beard lightly, he hears the third person time, knows that Luo Su point(s) the names of these people intentionally, making them say that listened to oneself, therefore the clear and resonant voice said with a smile: „We looked various Sir/minister a moment ago said is good, my Tang was to achieve these that various Sir/minister said a moment ago.” 李世民轻抚胡须,他听到第三个人的时候,就知道洛苏是故意点这些人的名字,让他们说给自己听,于是朗声笑道:“朕看刚才诸卿说的就非常好,我大唐就是要做到刚才诸卿所说的那些。” Luo Su first is nod of approval, then asked: „Son of Heaven may still remember that I once said you do have one is very very rare, the rare merit?” 洛苏先是认可的点点头,然后问道:“天子可还记得我曾经说你有一个很稀有、很少见的优点吗？” Li Shimin heard that the word turns rapidly is looking for the memory, „country master, you meant, We very reasonable?” 李世民闻言迅速翻找着记忆,“国师,您是说,朕很讲道理？” Luo Su nods said: „ Right, is this, Son of Heaven you is very reasonable, do not forget that this, this is the foundation of say/way of Saint king. 洛苏颔首道:“没错,就是这一条,天子你很讲道理,不要忘记这一条,这是圣王之道的根基。 The politics pure brightness, Prime Minister everyone said a moment ago, but, is actually the king is in the final analysis reasonable. 政治清明,刚才诸位宰相说了很多,但归根结底,其实就是君王讲道理。 Are the political pure brightness time so why few? 为什么政治清明的时代那么少呢？ Why these quite have the monarchy of achievement, on the royal government also always has a chaotic feeling? 为什么就连那些颇有作为的君主,朝廷上也总有种混乱的感觉呢？ Because of these monarchies, in the surface has all power, but the murky political environment, in makes his energy be worn down secretly. 因为那些君主,表面上拥有一切大权,但昏沉的政治环境,在暗地里却让他的精力被消磨。 The monarchies were unreasonable, depended upon own fondness to work, even had absolute power over somebody. 君主不讲道理,依靠自己的喜好做事,甚至生杀予夺。 Official some not stick one's neck out, some seek for the escape route, some give birth to the counter- heart. 臣子有的明哲保身,有的寻找退路,有的生出反心。 But will not do only, reasons with. 但唯一不会做的,就是讲理。 Unreasonable works, that must depend upon individual character. 不讲道理的去做事,那就要依靠个人性格。 What on this day under does not have to make, but turned, what I want, will everyone, what under so turn into on that day? 这天下就没有本该做什么,而变成了,我要什么,每一个人都如此,那天下会变成什么样呢？ The effect that the monarchies set an example is enormous, because on has well, getting down must effect it. 君主以身作则的效果是极大的,因为上有所好,下必效之。 How Son of Heaven you treat your prime minister, how your prime minister will treat the staff, subsequently one layer upon layer downward. 天子你怎么样对待你的宰相,你的宰相就会怎么对待僚属,既而一层层向下。 Emperor Yang of Sui did not care about the world common people, the petty official of that floor dares to oppress at will. 隋炀帝不在乎天下百姓,那底层的胥吏就敢随意压迫。 The monarchies do not care about the soldiers in army, the military officers dare to bully the soldiers. 君主不在乎军队中的士卒,那军官们就敢欺压士卒。 Just like Son of Heaven you once extended regards to the soldiers frequently, now still makes the soldiers practice martial arts in the palace, the government officials in Tang know that you take seriously the army, therefore the treatment of soldiers was better than the Wude years. 正如天子你曾经经常慰问士卒,现在还在宫中让士卒们演武,大唐的官吏都知道你重视军队,所以士卒的待遇比武德年间要好。 This is you affects as hanging model/pattern of king. 这就是你作为君王的垂范作用。 The politics pure brightness or not, is not big with official's relations, but in king, if you want a pure brightness political environment, that must maintain the present condition. 政治清明与否,和臣子的关系不大,而在君王,如果你想要一个清明的政治环境,那就要维持现在的境况。 This is called the wise government, enlightened, then has the Saint king to leave. ” 这就叫做开明政治,开明则有圣王出。” „Wise government!” “开明政治！” Li Shimin twittering this word, he is standing up suddenly, passes through from the front of people, arrives at the palace center, forwarded two steps, his foot stood in the light. 李世民呢喃着这个词,他突然站起身,从众人的面前走过,走到殿中央,又向前走了两步,他的脚站在光中。 He is looking on the foot counter- the shoes of light , a stride, then the warm blazing light illuminated his body forward completely. 他望着脚上反着光的鞋,又向前一大步,这下温暖炽热的光全部都照到了他的身上。 Li Shimin has turned around to look at Prime Minister everyone, the people are also looking is standing Li Shimin in light. 李世民转过身望着诸位宰相,众人也同时望着站在光中的李世民。 Li Shimin is pointing at that the light beam bright sound said that shoots from the palace: „ Country master, this wise government, is the light. 李世民指着那从殿中射进来的光束朗声道:“国师,这开明政治,就是光。 The Saint king, the person who goes out of the light, however no? ” 圣王,就是从光明中走出的人,然否？” His sound like timely exhortation to virtue and purity, reverberates in Taijidian, for a very long time has not dispersed. 他的声音如同晨钟暮鼓,回荡在太极殿中,久久未散。 - -- Prime minister system of Tang Dynasty, no, must say that the prime minister system of Zhenguan dynasty, under the monarchical dictatorial system, almost achieved the perfect condition, until today, we by the influence of this prime minister system, Luo Su was it gave the profound significance as before deeply, the theory that he summarized, will urge Li Shimin as well as in the future all monarchies, to its had the high respect. 唐朝的宰相制度,不,应当说贞观朝的宰相制度,在君主专制制度下,几乎达到了理想状态,直到今日,我们依旧深受这种宰相制度的影响,洛苏为其赋予了深刻的意义,他所总结的理论,促使李世民以及往后的所有君主,对其怀有崇高的敬意。 ...... …… „Was the brilliance of Tang alone, since the most top layer of empire shone, Li Shimin and his prime minister, jointly maintained one to be possible be called the absolute monarchy time most enlightened political system, after Li Shimin dropped down the political legacy, just like mountains of crossing, inexhaustible, inexhaustible.”- «Tang Rise and fall History» “独属于大唐的光辉,从帝国的最顶层照射下来,李世民和他的宰相们,共同维护着一个堪称君主专制时代最开明的政治制度,李世民倒下后的政治遗产,宛如一座座横贯的山川,取之不尽,用之不竭。”-《唐王朝兴衰史》 ( This chapter ends) (本章完)