The word „productive forces” appear here world for a long time. “生产力”一词在这个世界上出现已久。 From the beginning, its concept is many that the land crops deliver, later expanded, joined the output of domestic animal, minerals and handicraft industry. 一开始,它的概念是土地农作物产出的多少,随后扩大,加入了牲畜、矿产和手工业的产出。 Many years ago, when Charles and Diana to this issue conducts the research are obtaining a viewpoint: Under the countryside economy, a village basically can complete the basic necessities of life the self-sufficiency, except for salt and iron and so on and habitat limit outside the essential commodity, the village and outside world almost do not have the commodity exchange. Therefore the landlord master only cared product many of own territory, did not care how these products come, to them the productive forces of territory are the product quantity. 多年前,查尔斯和戴安娜在对这个问题进行研究时得出一个观点:在田园经济下,一个农庄基本上可以完成衣食住行的自给自足,除了盐、铁之类的产地限制且必不可少的商品外,农庄与外界几乎没有商品交易。因此地主老爷只关心自己领地的物产多少,不关心这些物产是怎么来的,对他们而言领地的生产力就是物产数量。 What the landlords pay attention is only in own territory has what product, many products, besides salt and iron and other essential items, the purchases of other commodities along with the reason, looked the merchant who passed by brings anything. 地主关注的只是自己的领地上有什么物产,有多少物产,除了盐铁等必需品外,其它商品的购买随缘,就看路过的商人带来什么。 To overwhelming majority the young landlords of standing aloof from the world, output of territory enough uses, enough to receive in exchange for being probable the commodity on the line, were many could not use up to save is also wasting. 对绝大部分与世无争的小地主来说,领地的产出够自己用、够换取必须的商品就行,多了用不完存着也浪费。 In addition commodity level for several hundred years do not have the qualitative to enhance, the furniture and jewelry these things can not have the issue with over a hundred years, therefore they do not have many desires of expense. 加上商品水平几百年来没有质的提高,家具、首饰这些东西可以用个上百年没问题,因此他们也没有多少消费的欲望。 Under such background, the landlord masters have not enhanced the productive forces the power. 在这样的背景下,地主老爷们没有提高生产力的动力。 But this does not remain unchanged, in recent centuries with the development of city, the living condition in city the village and castle is more comfortable, therefore starts to have small noble(s) to go to the cities of feudal lord, big noble(s) runs in royal capital to live. 但这不是一成不变的,近百年来随着城市的发展,城里的生活条件远比农庄和城堡舒适,于是开始有小贵族跑到领主的城镇,大贵族跑王都里生活。 Diligent noble(s) seems like the migratory bird, the harvest season will return to the territory to collect taxes. 勤奋一些的贵族像是候鸟,丰收时节会回领地收税。 Lazy noble(s) lives in the city all year round, the matter of territory gives the manager, the manager and steward docks. 懒惰一些的贵族就整年住在城里,领地的事情都交给经纪人,经纪人和管家对接。 At this time, „productive forces” the standard started gradually to close up to the currency. 这时候,“生产力”的标准开始逐渐向货币靠拢。 Meanwhile, the business also develops with the development of city. 与此同时,商业也随着城市的发展而发展起来。 Under such background, Ellis · Ma Tollot Ede «Wealth of the nations» proposed „capital productive forces” taking as a model of done business noble(s) and merchants. 在这样的背景下,爱莉丝·玛嘉托洛伊德所著的《国富论》中所提出的“资本生产力”被经商的贵族与商人们的奉为圭臬。 Under the guidance of this thought that „product” no longer limits to the land crop, starts to expand the currency, then „fiefdom” no longer limits to the land, can bring the currency all thing —— for example the factory and chamber of commerce —— also to become the thing of enfeoffment. 在这个思想的指导下,“物产”不再局限于土地收成,开始拓宽到货币,进而“封地”不再局限于土地,能带来货币的一切事物——例如工厂、商会——也能成为分封的东西。 Obviously, was the Bischberg kingdom appeared held the factory stock „stock knight”. 最明显的,就是比施贝格王国出现了持有工厂股份的“股份骑士”。 „Stock knight” the feudal lord confers rank and title is not the land, but is the stock of feudal lord factory, but the noble(s) privilege does not lack. “股份骑士”的领主册封的不是土地,而是领主工厂的股份,但贵族特权一点不缺。 These traditional noble(s) regarded as „stock knight” tarnished the noble(s) glory goon. 以至于,那些传统的贵族把“股份骑士”看成玷污了贵族荣耀的打手。 But this world unique adventurer, they in the master eyes are the security costs. 而这个世界特有的冒险者嘛,他们在老爷眼里算是安保成本。 Erlbach teaches to the development of economics is not clear, to the change of commercial and industrial position is not very sensitive. 埃尔巴赫教授对经济学的发展并不清楚,对商业与工业地位的变化不是很敏感。 He only understands, in „productive forces”, does not have the mental labor position as before. 他只明白,在“生产力”中,依旧没有脑力劳动的位置。 In the three young people in teahouse, Michelle this 20 over miss appears is more open. 在茶馆里的三位年轻人中,米雪尔这位二十出头的姑娘显得更为开朗一些。 She asked that Erlbach teaches: „Venerable, you think that what is the productive forces, how to appraise the productive forces size?” 她问埃尔巴赫教授:“老先生,你认为什么是生产力,如何评价生产力大小呢？” Erlbach teaches to reply: „Productive forces are make the product the ability, the product that makes are more, the productive forces are naturally bigger.” 埃尔巴赫教授回答道:“生产力就是生产出产品的能力,生产出的产品越多,生产力自然越大。” Charles went to that side the counter to want five cups of tea to come back, everyone one cup. 查尔斯去柜台那边要了五杯茶回来,每人一杯。 After thanking Charles, Michelle teaches to say to Erlbach: „We have the difference in the definition of productive forces, you think that the productive forces are manifestation of final product, but we think that the productive forces are make the product the strength.” 感谢了查尔斯后,米雪尔对埃尔巴赫教授说道:“我们在生产力的定义上有差别,您认为生产力是最终产品的体现,而我们认为生产力是生产产品的力量。” „With here fertilizer factory, you thinks that the productive forces deliver many urea, we think that the productive forces the water, air and the charcoal nature transform the strength of urea we need.” “就拿这里的肥料厂来说,您认为生产力是产出多少尿素,我们认为生产力是将自然界中的水、空气和木炭改造成我们所需的尿素的力量。” Nearby Louise also then said: „You think that the productive forces are the result, we think that the productive forces are the process.” 旁边的路易斯也接着说道:“您认为生产力是结果,我们认为生产力是过程。” After Erlbach taught to listen, nodded silently, then said: „Your opinions are very unique, making me fresh.” 埃尔巴赫教授听了之后默默地点头,然后说道:“你们的见解很独特,让我耳目一新啊。” „Productive forces are the strength of production process.” “生产力就是生产过程的力量吗。” „That, our these old pedants can also play some roles in the production process, was productive forces part.” “那么,我们这些老学究在生产过程中也能起到一些作用,也算是生产力的一部分了吧。” „Charles, did you say?” “查尔斯,你说呢？” Suddenly mentioned by name cha somebody nods should with saying: „Everyone said reasonable.” 突然被点名的猹某人点头应和道:“大家说得有道理。” Then this goods no longer spoke. 然后这货就不再说话了。 The senior principal sees this fellow not to speak, thinks that he does not excel, has not felt embarrassed him...... to be strange. 老校长见这家伙不说话,以为他对此不擅长,就没有为难他……才怪。 „You, while must look, listen and think young.” Erlbach teaches to teach him to come, „do not think oneself had several money to inflate, looked down upon the wisdom of others.” “你啊,趁着年轻要多看、多听、多想。”埃尔巴赫教授教训起他来,“你不要以为自己有几个钱就自我膨胀了,看不起旁人的智慧。” „My teacher Rucker once ran into a tailor long ago, this tailor knowledge is profound, is quick-thinking, one debated that the teacher deeply was subdued by him, declines to leave in his family/home brazen-faced and shameless from him learns.” “我的老师吕克昂早年曾遇到一位裁缝,这位裁缝知识渊博,思维敏捷,一番辩论下来老师被他深深地折服了,死皮赖脸地在他家赖着不走向他学习。” „These theoretical knowledge do not think useless, it can the direction that instructs you to go forward.” “这些理论知识你不要以为没有用,它能指导你前进的方向。” Charles listens to listen to ponder, the senior principal thinks that he perceived, nods satisfied. 查尔斯听着听着沉思起来,老校长以为他听进去了,满意地点了点头。 If the senior principal knows that he was pondering that tailor is Morde ancestors, perhaps will come out to divide this goods with the axe. 要是老校长知道他在思考那位裁缝是不是莫德蕾德的先人的话,恐怕会拿斧头出来劈了这货。 That three young people look at this with a laugh old one few, considered to kill the time. 那三位年轻人笑呵呵地看着这一老一少,就当是打发时间了。 Erlbach taught to knock a cha head, said: „Said that your view, speaking incorrectly did not lose face.” 埃尔巴赫教授敲了一下猹脑袋,说道:“说说你的看法,说错了不丢人。” Charles the face was rubbing the head painstakingly, thinks said: „Productive forces comprised of the instrument of labor, the object of labor and worker, the principal asked a moment ago the scholar is the productive forces, obviously, the scholar participates in the production activities by own wisdom, they are also the workers, therefore is also productive forces part.” 查尔斯苦着脸揉了揉脑袋,想了一下说道:“生产力由劳动工具、劳动对象和劳动者组成的,刚才校长问学者算不算生产力,显而易见,学者以自己的智慧参与到生产活动中,他们也是劳动者,所以也是生产力的一部分。” Erlbach taught to listen to ponder, composed these three parts of productive forces sounds is very reasonable, happen to contained important factor in the production process. 埃尔巴赫教授听了思考起来,组成生产力的这三个部分听起来很有道理,正好包含了生产过程中的重要因素。 Makes the example with nearby fertilizer factory, the instrument of labor is the equipment in factory, the object of labor is the raw material, worker's person including Qursh gold/metal, these three parts of periods the raw material that brings the nature in produce the manure that people needed. 就拿旁边的肥料厂做例子,劳动工具就是工厂里的设备,劳动对象就是原材料,劳动者包括库什金在内的人,这三个紧密联系的部分将大自然中取来的原材料生产成了人们所需的肥料。 „Then......” Erlbach teaches said slowly, „productive forces turn into the product the raw material the ability.” “这么说来……”埃尔巴赫教授缓缓说道,“生产力就是把原材料变成产品的能力吧。” Charles is a little surprised, has not thought that the senior principal can think of this point quickly. 查尔斯有点意外,没想到老校长能很快想到这一点。 He said: „That's true, generalized, the productive forces are the intelligent race transform to become the natural objects in the production process the strength of product that suits itself to need.” 他说道:“确实如此,广义上来说,生产力就是智慧种族在生产过程中把自然物改造成为适合自身需要的产品的力量。” „Not only the production manure, in the kitchen the chef becomes the food the food cooking is also the productive forces.” “不只是生产肥料,厨房里厨师将食材烹饪成菜肴也是生产力。” Erlbach teaches nod of looking pensive, thought of anything evidently, pulled out the notebook to brush from the pocket wrote several pages. 埃尔巴赫教授若有所思的点了点头,看样子是想到了什么,从口袋里掏出笔记本刷刷刷地写了几页子。 Then, he asked the situation of manure three young people villages used here to produce. 接下来,他问起三位年轻人农庄使用这里生产的肥料的情况。 Everyone is killing the time in any case, this manure is not the secret, therefore quick chatted. 反正大家都是在打发时间,这肥料也不是什么秘密,于是很快就聊了起来。 Passed at noon, to 2 : 30 pm this, that side the factory resounded the ting of reporting. 一个中午就这么过去了,到了下午 2 点半这样,工厂那边响起了上报的铃声。 Three purchasers said goodbye to the venerable, they must go to the factory to handle purchase. 三位采购员向老先生道别,他们要去工厂里办理采购事宜了。 After Erlbach teaches and they said goodbye, calmly sits there, the vision was profound, evidently in ponder issue. 埃尔巴赫教授和他们道别后静静地坐在那里,目光深邃起来,看样子是在思考问题。 Charles does not dare to leave in the one side atmosphere, is very afraid to disturb the ponder of senior principal. 查尔斯在一旁大气不敢出,深怕打扰了老校长的思考。