The time, the Vienna peace talks of being a focus of public attention have started in a hurry. The leads naturally were the UK , France very soon three country concerned, the supporting role must go, various European countries sent the representative. 时间匆匆而过,万众瞩目的维也纳和谈开始了。主角自然是英法俄三个当事国,配角就多得去了,欧洲各国都派代表来了。 Does not know when this is from starts, so long as were continental Europe had the big event, no matter had the relations with, everyone liked running to join in the fun. 不知道,这是从什么时候开始的,只要是欧洲大陆发生了大的事件,不管和自己有没有关系,大家都爱跑过去凑热闹。 Giving the euphemistic name: Cares about the international politics. It looks like in Franz, this to brush has the feeling, brings to the attention of great nation. 美其名曰:关心国际政治。在弗朗茨看来,这就是为了刷存在感,引起大国的重视。 Do not look at these small country not many rights to speak, thinks that their attitudes are unimportant. The fact is just the opposite, when the great nation refuses to compromise, the standpoints of these small countries decided the final result. 不要看这些小国没有多少话语权,就以为他们的态度不重要了。事实恰恰相反,当大国僵持不下的时候,这些小国的立场就决定了最终的结果。 Now continental Europe does not have the super power, the power gaps of major big powers are not disparate, but also has no country to be able really by an enemy two, not to mention coerces all countries. 现在欧洲大陆没有超级大国,各大列强的实力差距并不悬殊,还没有哪个国家可以真的以一敌二,更不用说压服所有国家。 Did not say that who compares, certainly with the opposite party how, if really erupted into the war, bigger possibly mutually wounded. 不是说谁比强,就一定拿对方怎么样,真要是爆发了战争,更大的可能还是两败俱伤。 The fact of Near East war had told everyone, the modern war needs the high cost, and final income and pays often is not proportional. 近东战争的事实已经告诉了大家,现代化战争是需要高额成本的,并且最终的收益和付出往往不成正比。 In the face of the brutal reality, everyone's concept changed, all governments avoid as much as possible and great nation erupts into the war. 在残酷的现实面前,大家的观念都发生了改变,各国政府都在尽可能避免和大国爆发战争。 Under this big background, all parties have the sincerity to attend the Congress of Vienna. 在这种大背景下,各方都是带着诚意来参加维也纳会议的。 The English want to leave from the Near East war as soon as possible, join in the colony to open to expand in the movement, because the relational their colonizing speed of war was delayed. 英国人想要尽快从近东战争抽身,投身殖民地开扩运动中,因为战争的关系他们的殖民速度都被拖延了。 The French are no exception, Napoleon III experiences personally the influence of British colonizing movement, to opening the overseas colony is interested. 法国人也不例外,拿破仑三世身受英国殖民运动的影响,对开辟海外殖民地非常有兴趣。 Near East war except for containing the Russia person expands outside, will not provide what benefit to France essentially, what now strives for the world supremacy is Britain , Russia, they do not need to continue dead to knock. 近东战争除了遏制俄国人的扩张外,本质上是不会给法国带来什么好处的,现在争夺世界霸权的是英俄,他们没有必要继续死磕下去。 The Russia person most wanted to end the war, Constantinopolis attained, although through traded to attain secretly, Nicholas I did not care. 俄国人是最想要结束战争的,君士坦丁堡都拿到了,尽管是通过暗地里交易拿到的,尼古拉一世也不在乎。 The political interest and religious interest took, if the war continues to hit, besides letting the fiscal aggravation of Russian Empire, does not have the least bit advantage again. 政治利益、宗教利益都拿到手了,战争要是继续打下去,除了让俄罗斯帝国的财政更加恶化下去外,就再也没有半点儿好处。 The present Russian Empire is the outwardly strong but inwardly weak, besides the great strength in surface, the interior has been contradictory layer on layer/heavily, the Tsar government urgently needed training lives. 现在的俄罗斯帝国已经是外强中干,除了表面上的强大外,内部早就是矛盾重重,沙皇政府急需修养生息。 The Ottoman empire was needless saying that the rule of Sultan government has creakied, hit domestic national revolt enough them to receive again. 奥斯曼帝国更加不用说了,苏丹政府的统治已经摇摇欲坠,再打下去国内的民族起义就够他们受了。 The Montenegro duchy does not have the right to speak, even if they hit unusual is brave, brought massive casualties to the English, cannot bring the right to speak to them. 黑山公国没有发言权,即便是他们打的非常勇敢,给英国人带来了大量的伤亡,还是不能给他们带来话语权。 ...... …… In Vienna Sankt Stefan cathedral, a conference president Metternich face said solemnly and respectfully: „ Welcome to Vienna, today's conference, we convene for the world peace. 维也纳圣斯特凡大教堂内,会议主持者梅特涅一脸肃穆的说:“欢迎诸位来到维也纳,今天的这次会议,我们是为了世界和平而召开的。 Looked over the human history to erupt into too many wars, these wars brought often was the disasters, actually this inside many wars were avoidable, so long as everyone strengthened the exchange and communication, many misunderstanding do not exist. 纵观人类历史爆发了太多的战争,这些战争带来的往往都是灾难,其实这里面很多战争都是可以避免的,只要大家多加强交流与沟通,很多误会就不存在了。 ...... ” ……” Metternich is a pacifist, this entire Europe is recognized, holds high the peaceful flag, is this „European prime minister” be used. 梅特涅是一个和平主义者,这一点全欧洲都是公认的,高举和平的旗帜,也是这位“欧洲宰相”的习惯了。 The politicians are know to mount, the representatives start to show, at this moment is similar everyone is the pacifists. 政客们都是知道装裱的,各国代表纷纷开始作秀,这一刻仿佛大家都是和平主义者。 When everyone compelling to install, the reporters were invited, negotiations official opening, the harmonious atmosphere vanished into thin air. 等所有人都把逼装完了,记者们被请了出去,谈判正式开启,和谐的气氛不翼而飞。 As little brother Ottoman empire representative, takes the lead to open the mouth to complain the atrocity of Russia person: 作为小弟奥斯曼帝国代表幅阿德,率先开口控诉俄国人的暴行: „This war, is Russian Empire shoulders completely single-handedly, they should take the full liability for this war......” “这场战争,完全是俄罗斯帝国一手挑起的,他们应该为这次战争负全部责任……” Not constant-amplitude said, Russia foreign minister Carl Syre is in sharp opposition saying: „ Your excellency invited to note oneself expression, we are restoring the lost territory. 不等幅阿德说完,俄国外交大臣卡尔-渥赛尔就针锋相对道:“阁下请注意自己的言辞,我们只是在收复失地。 Constantinopolis is holy land of Christianity world, cannot, because was invaded several hundred years by you, makes you turn into here master. 君士坦丁堡是基督世界的圣地,不能因为被你们侵略了几百年,就让你们变成这里的主人。 From beginning to end, you are the invaders. We complete the task that Crusades had not completed, please do not slander this sacred and just war. ” 至始至终,你们才是侵略者。我们只是完成了十字军东征没有完成的任务,请不要污蔑这场神圣且正义的战争。” Pulled the religion, the Ottoman empire suffered a loss. On this issue, UK , France do not dare to deny that Constantinopolis is holy land of Christianity world, is more impossible to acknowledge that here is the territory of Ottoman empire. 扯上了宗教,奥斯曼帝国就吃亏了。在这个问题上,英法也不敢否认君士坦丁堡是基督世界的圣地,更不可能承认这里是奥斯曼帝国的领土。 That feared, here had been acknowledged by everyone, but in having talks conference of written document record, everyone does not dare to say. 那怕,这里早就被大家承认过了,可是在有书面文件记录的谈判会议上,大家都不敢说出来。 Saw Ottoman to represent is brought in the pit from the beginning, Thomas promptly shifted the topic: „ Duke Carl, these issues left over by history, cannot talk clearly in a few words. 见奥斯曼代表一开始就被带坑里了,托马斯当机立断转移话题道:“卡尔公爵,这些历史遗留问题,不是三言两语可以说清楚的。 The present that the war hits, whose responsibility accused not to need, now we discuss how finished this! ” 战争打的现在,指责谁的责任都没有必要了,现在我们还是讨论一下怎么结束这场吧！” „Does not have the issue.” Russia foreign minister Carl Syre coldly replied “没有问题。”俄国外交大臣卡尔-渥赛尔冷冷的回答道 Thomas said seriously: „For the world peace, the stability for continental Europe, I proposed that now belligerent parties return to the pre-war condition, ended this unnecessary war!” 托马斯一本正经的说:“为了世界和平,为了欧洲大陆的稳定,我提议现在交战各方回归战前状态,结束这场不必要的战争！” Related to the self-interest, Russia foreign minister Carl Syre opposed to say immediately: „Is impossible, we cannot tolerate Constantinopolis to reduce to heathen's hand absolutely.” 涉及到了自身利益,俄国外交大臣卡尔-渥赛尔立即反对道:“不可能,我们绝对不能容忍君士坦丁堡沦落到异教徒之手。” Thomas said coolly: „ Carl asked the duke to feel relieved, we will not make Constantinopolis fall into the heathenism bare-handed. 托马斯面不改色的说:“卡尔请公爵放心,我们也不会让君士坦丁堡落入异教徒手中。 As holy land of Christianity world, Constantinopolis should altogether have for all Christians, I suggested condominium Constantinopolis. ” 作为基督世界的圣地,君士坦丁堡应该为所有基督徒所共有,我建议国际共管君士坦丁堡。” ...... …… Obviously, this is the Russia person cannot accept, spends Constantinopolis that such big price seized, how possibly such giving up easily? 显然,这是俄国人不能够接受的,花费了这么大代价才夺下来的君士坦丁堡,怎么可能这么轻易的放弃呢？ UK and Russia representative starts battle of words, argued continually one hour, still does not have any result, those who made the person surprise was the French unexpectedly in a side stroke of water. 英俄两国代表开始唇枪舌战,一连争论了一个多小时,依然没有任何结果,令人诧异的是法国人居然在旁边划水了。 Had discovered not right Thomas pretended calmly, was not his face is thick-skinned is installing muddled, in fact he in testing France , Russia related that step. 早就发现了不对劲的托马斯装作若无其事,不是他脸皮厚在装糊涂,实际上他是在试探法俄之间关系到了那一步。 Metternich said with a laugh: „Two lunchtimes arrived, are inferior to continue in the afternoon!” 梅特涅笑呵呵的说:“两位午餐时间到了,不如下午继续吧！” Negotiating was impossible is so easy to finish, now is also only Britain , Russia disputed, behind also had the French and Russian interests division contradiction, the UK , France contradictions and Austria benefits and contradiction of Ottoman empire...... 谈判不可能这么容易结束的,现在还只是英俄争议,后面还有法俄利益划分矛盾,英法矛盾、奥地利和奥斯曼帝国的矛盾…… Congress of Vienna besides mediating this Near East war, the goal of construction new international order, related to the issue also has. 维也纳会议除了调停这次近东战争外,还有构建新国际秩序的目的,涉及到的问题还有很多。 Since the Vienna system collapses, the short several years, continental Europe erupted: Austria scatters the war, the Second Schleswig War, the German reunification war and Near East war. 自从维也纳体系崩溃后,短短的几年时间里,欧洲大陆就就爆发了:奥撒战争、普丹战争、德意志统一战争、近东战争。 The UK , France very soon Austria five countries were involved entry, in addition the Sardinia kingdom, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Bavaria, the Montenegro duchy, the Ottoman empire and Kingdom of Greece, the entire European majorities of countries entered the war. 英法俄奥普五国都被牵扯了进入,加上撒丁王国、丹麦王国、巴伐利亚王国、黑山公国、奥斯曼帝国、希腊王国,全欧洲大部分国家都参战了。 If continues to get down, how long new continental Europe war will unable to erupt, this was not everyone wants. 如果继续这么下去,要不了多久新的欧洲大陆战争又会爆发,这不是大家想要的。 Hits to live to kill in continental Europe, the interests that in fact everyone can get are limited. Under various countries divert mutually, no one must want to eat the fat. 在欧洲大陆上打生打死,实际上大家能够获得的利益非常有限。各国互相牵制之下,谁也不要想把肥肉吃下去。 At this moment everyone discovered the importance that Vienna system, reconstructs the call of Vienna system, naturally also became high. 这一刻大家才发现维也纳体系的重要性,重建维也纳体系的呼声,自然也就变高了。 Especially the European heavy multi- small countries do not have the security sense, they need a stable order urgently, protects own interests. 尤其是欧洲重多小国更加没有安全感,他们迫切的需要一个稳定的秩序,保护自身的利益。 Under the common benefit demand, the leadership established Metternich of first Vienna system, was pushed by everyone again. 在共同的利益需求下,主导建立了第一次维也纳体系的梅特涅,再次被大家推了出来。 Can rebuild the Vienna system? This issue no one can reply, in brief now everyone needs a stable international system. 能不能重建维也纳体系？这个问题没有人能够回答,总之现在大家需要一个稳定的国际体系。 The Russia person needs to carry out internal social reform, UK , France Austria benefits the three countries to need to conduct overseas colonizing to expand, numerous European small countries need an international order to defend their security, this needs a stable continental Europe. 俄国人需要进行内部社会改革,英法奥地利三国需要进行海外殖民扩张,众多欧洲小国需要一个国际秩序保卫自身的安全,这都需要一个稳定的欧洲大陆。 At dusk, first day the result of peace talks transmitted in the Franz hand, nothing accident/surprise, in this negotiations the English is at a disadvantage. 傍晚时分,第一天和谈的结果传递到了弗朗茨手中,没有任何意外,这次谈判中英国人处于了下风。 The thing that in the battlefield cannot attain, wants to take carry back on the conference table, possibly to be how simple? 战场上拿不到的东西,想要在谈判桌上拿回来,又怎么可能简单呢？ Russian bear is not the lord who good to bully, the French starts to delimit the water, making the English threat method unable to use. 毛熊可不是好欺负的主,法国人开始划水,让英国人很多威胁手段都用不出来。 Now their in the hand the biggest chip, is the sea advantage. Once negotiated the failure, the foreign trade of Russia person is unable to launch normally, was the grain export is not mainly able to conduct smoothly. 现在他们手中最大的筹码,还是海上优势。一旦谈判失败,俄国人的对外贸易就无法正常展开,主要是粮食出口无法顺利进行。 The grain export is the Russia person biggest foreign exchange source, because of the relations of Near East war, the grain export trade broke. 粮食出口是俄国人最大的外汇来源,因为近东战争的关系,粮食出口贸易断了。 In order to purchase the strategic resources, the Tsar government has to put out a lot of gold and silver to trade, gold and silver outflow speed increases, created the serious pressure on the finance of Tsar government. 为了购买战略物资,沙皇政府不得不拿出大量的黄金、白银进行交易,金银外流速度大增,给沙皇政府的财政带来了严重的压力。 Although Russian Empire is at the trade deficit condition for a long time, is every year several million rubles trade deficits, with every year over a hundred million rubles trade deficits is completely not a concept. 尽管俄罗斯帝国长期处于贸易逆差状态,可是每年几百万卢布的贸易逆差,和每年上亿卢布的贸易逆差完全不是一个概念。 Some Russian Empire minerals, gold and silver really does not lack, only several million rubles did not have gold and silver that their one year unearths to be many. 俄罗斯帝国有的矿产,金银真的是不缺,区区几百万卢布还没有他们一年挖掘出来的金银多。 Over a hundred million rubles were different, this degree gold and silver flows out, has affected the Russia money market, mining gold and silver is to also require the time, in a short time is unable to make up for this loss. 可是上亿卢布就不一样了,这种程度金银外流,已经影响到了俄国金融市场,开采金银也是需要时间的,短期内根本就无法弥补这个损失。 However since the war ended, does not need to import the arms and ammunition from the outside world again, this trade deficit will fall quickly, the threat of English is not enough to make the Russia person yield. 不过既然战争结束了,不需要再从外界进口武器弹药,这种贸易逆差很快就会降下来,英国人的这种威胁不足以令俄国人让步。