When Mountains and Seas City arranges Contention Conference, Xianyang City actually promulgated 【Expels Confucianism Decree】. 就在山海城筹备争鸣大会的时候,咸阳城却颁布了【驱儒令】。 First Sovereign of Qin announced that Xianyang City Venerable legal system alone, every Confucian Scholar, in three day, must leave Xianyang City, otherwise close-stitches the seize prison, is not generally exceptional. 秦始皇宣布,咸阳城独尊法制,凡儒生者,三日之内,必须离开咸阳城,否则缉拿下狱,概不例外。 News, the world in an uproar. 消息一出,天下哗然。 First Sovereign of Qin promulgation 【Expels Confucianism Decree】, Waits, if pushes to peak Conflict between Confucianism and Legalism. 秦始皇颁布的【驱儒令】,等若将儒法之争推向高峰。 World Confucian Scholar, indignant. 天下儒生,气愤不已。 By 【Expels Confucianism Decree】, Has to remind historical illustriously „burn books and bury alive Confucian Scholars”. First what needs to explain, burns the book and pit Confucian, occurred at different time two matters. 由【驱儒令】,就不得不让人联想到历史上赫赫有名的“焚书坑儒”。首先需要说明的是,焚书和坑儒,是发生在不同时间点的两件事。 All, but must mention from the First Sovereign of Qin Unified six countries. 一切,还得从秦始皇一统六国说起。 After Unified world, First Sovereign of Qin in the reform that on Politics and Economy implement, is not problem-free. Still at the beginning of the unification, in wanting the enfeoff philosophers had an argument for issue of king on. 一统天下之后,秦始皇在政治、经济上实行的改革,并不是一帆风顺的。还在统一之初,就在要不要分封诸子为王的问题上发生了一场争论。 A group of government officials headed by Prime Minister Wang Wan, requested that First Sovereign of Qin philosophers, enfeoff in seizing soon swallow, complete, the Chu former home grounds is a king, thinks that like this helped consolidating the rule of Qin. 以丞相王绾为首的一批官吏,请求秦始皇将诸子,分封于占领不久的燕、齐、楚故地为王,认为这样有利于巩固秦的统治。 But Wei Li Si persists in opposing that reason that thinks Spring and Autumn Warring States Feudal Vassal the dispute, completely is the evil consequence that Western Zhou Enfeoffment creates. Only then abolishes Enfeoffment, may avoid the disaster. 但廷尉李斯则坚持反对,认为春秋战国诸侯之所以纷争,完全是西周分封制造成的恶果。只有废除分封制,才可免除祸乱。 First Sovereign of Qin accepted the opinion of Li Si, thinks vertical Conferred Nation, is the tree enemy soldier. 秦始皇采纳了李斯的意见,认为立封国,就是树敌兵。 Therefore has established County and District System in the nation. 于是在全国确立了郡县制。 Eight years later, to the first emperor 30~40 year, at palace banquet that in First Sovereign of Qin holds in the Xianyang palace, has one about imitating old ways Master Jin the argument. 时隔八年之后,到始皇三十四年,在秦始皇于咸阳宫举行的宫廷大宴上,又发生了一场关于师古还是师今的争论。 Burns the action of book to initiate. 焚书之举正是由此引发的。 At the banquet, servant radio frequency azure feudal official surface yu First Sovereign of Qin, flattered First Sovereign of Qin, was inferior to the Your Majesty power and virtue from the antiquity. Doctor Chunyu more aims at Zhou Qingchen the yu word, proposed resumes the position of Enfeoffment. 在宴会上,仆射周青臣面腴秦始皇,吹捧秦始皇,自上古不及陛下威德。博士淳于越针对周青臣的腴词,提出了恢复分封制的主张。 Chunyu more said: „King of over thousand is years old feudal official hear Yinzhou, sealed the juniors hero, from auxiliary. Now Your Majesty has within the four seas, but juniors are the ordinary men, died the field often, the feudal officials of six minister, auxiliary does not stroking, how rescue? The matter does not imitate old ways, but can long-time, non- hear. Now azure feudal official surface yu, by the fault of heavy Your Majesty, non- loyal minister.” 淳于越说:“臣闻殷周之王千余岁,封子弟功臣,自为辅枝。今陛下有海内,而子弟为匹夫,卒有田常、六卿之臣,无辅拂,何以相救哉？事不师古而能长久者,非所闻也。今青臣又面腴,以重陛下之过,非忠臣。” After First Sovereign of Qin hear maintains composure, jumps over Chunyu suggested that gives the whole body of ministers to discuss. 秦始皇听后不动声色,把淳于越的建议交给群臣讨论。 Prime Minister Li Si explicitly indicated that did not agree the viewpoint that Chunyu jumps over, refuted: „Three generations of struggles, what Kefa. But the Confucian Scholar non- master now studies, said that to harm now, if not forbid, then the main potential falls on, party with becoming, unification possibly by destruction.” 丞相李斯明确表示,不同意淳于越的观点,反驳道:“三代之争,何可法也。儒生不师今而学古,道古以害今,如不加以禁止,则主势降乎上,党与成乎下,统一可能遭到破坏。” First Sovereign of Qin accepts the suggestion of Li Si, ordered to burn down various nations Records of the Grand Historian outside «Qin Ji», to book of the folk medicine divination as well as did not belong to the doctor hall harbors «Poem» and «Book» , etc. also by a set time hands over the overburning. 秦始皇采纳李斯的建议,下令焚烧《秦记》以外的列国史记,对民间医药卜筮之书以及不属于博士馆的私藏《诗》、《书》等也限期交出烧毁。 Has to dare to discuss «Poem» and execution of «Book», disparaging the present by praising the past extermination of the clan ; forbids the private study, thinks the person who the research method made, must take the government official as the master. 有敢谈论《诗》、《书》的处死,以古非今的灭族；禁止私学,想学法令的人,要以官吏为师。 This for „burns book”. 此即为“焚书”。 Is burning book the second year, had pit Confucian event. 在焚书的第二年,又发生了坑儒事件。 The pit Confucian does not burn direct continuation of book, because some alchemists and Confucian Scholar slandered First Sovereign of Qin to cause. First Sovereign of Qin after seizing the huge authority and enjoys the riches and honors, very fears death. After the unified world, he must seek the elixir indulgently. 坑儒不是焚书的直接继续,而是由于一些方士、儒生诽谤秦始皇引起的。秦始皇在攫取到巨大权力和享受到荣华富贵之后,十分怕死。在统一天下之后,他异想天开地要寻求长生不死药。 Alchemist Hou Sheng, Lu Sheng and the others catered to its need, complying was First Sovereign of Qin found this medicine. Was unhonoured according to Qin Lv the rumor, or the medicine of offering did not have potency, must punish by death. 方士侯生、卢生等人迎合其需要,答应为秦始皇找到这种药。按照秦律谎言不能兑现,或者所献之药无效验者,要处以死刑。 Hou Sheng and Lu Sheng knew that does not get so far as elixir, not only makes a getaway, but also slandered the First Sovereign of Qin instinct to be obstinate, the specially appointed prison official, the matter regardless of the size, made a decision by him, covets in the power and influence wait / etc.. 侯生、卢生自知弄不到长生不死药,不但逃之夭夭,而且诽谤秦始皇天性刚愎自用,专任狱吏,事情无论大小,都由他一人决断,贪于权势等等。 The alchemists also said that immortal non- First Sovereign of Qin can build, the immortal also non- was the small compounded drug can achieve. They approach the first emperor, wants elixir to seek pill, is must pass on «Dao Scripture» in the world. 方士还言,长生非秦始皇所能修成,长生也非是小小丹药所能达到。他们接近始皇,非要炼药寻丹,乃是要传《道经》于天下。 After First Sovereign of Qin knows, shamed into anger, thinks that the alchemists are playing a trick on themselves. 秦始皇知道后,恼羞成怒,认为方士们在耍弄自己。 Therefore first burns «Dao Scripture», the Houkeng alchemist. 于是先焚《道经》,后坑方士。 First Sovereign of Qin by „evil words by chaotic Guizhou” the charge, ordered to trace in Capital City, and selected 460 more people personally, buried alive in Xianyang. 秦始皇以“妖言以乱黔首”的罪名,下令在都城进行追查,并亲自圈定四百六十余人,活埋于咸阳。 This is „pit Confucian”, pit Non- Confucian, but is the alchemist. 此即为“坑儒”,所坑非儒,而是方士。 „burn books and bury alive Confucian Scholars” the essence is actually a movement of unification idea. “焚书坑儒”的实质其实是一场统一思想的运动。 After First Sovereign of Qin unifies six countries, on Politics, abolished Enfeoffment, across the country executes County and District System ; on Culture, unified the writing, takes the small seal script as standard official language ; in the Economy domain, common currency, unified weights and measures wait / etc.. 秦始皇统一六国之后,在政治上,废除了分封制,在全国范围内施行郡县制；在文化上,统一了文字,以小篆为标准的官用文字；在经济领域内,统一货币,统一度量衡等等。 These measures are the national big Unified base elements, yes ******** essential factor that can control. 这些措施都是国家大一统的基本要素,是********能够控制的要素。 But something are national force organization are very difficult to control, especially in Qin Dynasty first year, the Warring States time just finished, Hundred Schools of Thought | Families still in contending, in realm of thought extremely chaotic ;, but a country can unify in the big degree, the main condition can form the common values in the big degree, but ideologically confused is the archenemy who forms the common value. 但有些东西是国家强力机构很难驾驭的,特别是在秦朝初年,战国时期刚结束,百家仍然在争鸣中,思想领域内极度混乱；而一个国家能在多大程度上统一,最主要的条件是能在多大程度上形成共同的价值观,而思想混乱是形成共同价值观的大敌。 Therefore, the light had the big Unified measure not to be good in Politics, Economy, Culture and other aspects, essential the longest-term unified essential factor is the unification of thought that forms the unified core value idea, can make the Politics, Economy, Culture and other domain in the unified measures effective. 因此,光在政治、经济、文化等方面有大一统措施还不行,最关键最长远的统一要素是思想的统一,形成统一的核心价值观念,才能让政治、经济、文化等领域内的统一措施有效。 At that time biggest two ideological tidal current were Confucian School of Thought and Legalist School of Thought. 当时最大两种思想潮流就是儒家和法家。 Confucianists and Mohists and name famous doctrine, but Mohist School of Thought stressed to the innovation of Agriculture method, the farm worked at farming. Daoist School of Thought pays great attention to study the body and mind, the formation exploration of humane view. Logicians School of Thought pays great attention to the metaphysical methodology. 儒墨并称显学,但墨家更侧重对农业方法的创新,种地务农。道家更注重研究身心,人性观的形成探索。名家更注重形而上哲学思考。 Confucian School of Thought Venerable, but First Sovereign of Qin unifies China is the new business, the measure that he takes is also some new measures, these things do not conform to the Confucian School of Thought idea. Then six country aristocrat, taking advantage of Confucian School of Thought „self-restraint and return to ritual”, attempted to restore Zhou Dynasty Enfeoffment, thus obtained the power and influence that lost. 儒家是尊古的,而秦始皇统一中国偏偏是新事务,他采取的措施也都是些新措施,这些东西都是不符合儒家理念的。当时的六国贵族,也借着儒家的“克己复礼”,妄图恢复周朝的分封制,从而取得失去的权势。 Therefore, regarding just unified Qin Dynasty, the unification idea was to maintain the big Unified key measure. Therefore, First Sovereign of Qin after looking for several Confucian Scholar stubbles, a Culture movement of unification idea started, the method was intense, but the objective effect was tangible. 所以,对于刚刚统一的秦朝来说,统一思想就是维护大一统的关键措施。因此,秦始皇在找了几个儒生茬之后,一场统一思想的文化运动就开始了,手段是激烈了点,但客观效果是明显的。 Although unified Qin Dynasty has only continued for several years, but after Qin Dynasty all rulers, all regard as the key tool of maintenance rule the unification idea. 虽然统一的秦朝只持续了十几年,但秦朝以后的所有统治者,无一不把统一思想看成维护统治的关键手段。 To Emperor Wu of Han Dismiss the Hundred Schools of Thought, Revere only the Confucian, the China big Unified thought forms officially. Hereafter all rulers, basically takes the Confucian School of Thought thought as the core idea of country. 到汉武帝罢黜百家,独尊儒术,中国大一统思想正式形成。此后所有的统治者,基本上都把儒家思想作为国家的核心思想。 Qin Dynasty „pit Confucian”, with Han Dynasty „Venerable Confucian”, its essence is the same, wants the unification idea. 秦朝“坑儒”,和汉朝的“尊儒”,其实质是一样的,都是要统一思想。 In fact since Han Dynasty, all feudal rulers, basically has been the executions „Yang Confucianism, Yin Legalism”, or is „Honest Legalism, Famed Confucianism”, is in the surface uses the Confucian School of Thought viewpoint, in fact is actually the Legalist School of Thought method. 实际上从汉朝以来,所有的封建统治者,基本上都是施行的“阳儒阴法”,或者是“实法名儒”,就是表面上是采用儒家观点,实际上却是法家的手段。 Emperor uses the Legalist School of Thought method rule world, but with the Confucian School of Thought theory enlightenment common people. 皇帝用法家的方法统治天下,而用儒家的学说教化百姓。 What Legalist School of Thought stressed was the law, technique and potential, the ancient takes these things to regard is the Emperor-King technique, as controlling method ; of common people whole body of ministers, but the Confucian School of Thought theory was mainly to emphasize the Jin/benevolent and ritual, the Jin/benevolent and ritual biggest profit formed the behavior to be aware from the morals, but did not need to take the violence measure, maintains the good tool of level system, therefore all previous rulers enlightened the world with the Confucianism. 法家强调的是法、术、势,古人把这些东西当成是帝王术,作为驾驭百姓群臣的方法；而儒家学说主要是强调仁和礼,仁和礼最大的益处就是从道德上形成行为自觉,而不用采取暴力措施,是维护等级制度的好工具,所以历代统治者都用儒学教化天下。 Because First Sovereign of Qin „burn books and bury alive Confucian Scholars” leaves behind the eternity infamy, looks to the person for the big tyrant, actually treated unjustly First Sovereign of Qin, this digit in fact was very small. 秦始皇因为“焚书坑儒”留下千古骂名,给人看为大暴君,其实是冤枉秦始皇了,这个数字事实上是非常小的。 In the long China History perpetual flow, kills people tens of thousands of matters to have numerous number. 在长长的中国历史长河中,杀人成千上万的事情多不胜数。 However, in this matter maximum degree offended the writer Confucian Scholar group, Confucian School of Thought since Warring States has been a very wild group, it had reflected , to rule a nation to be centered on the Confucianist method, therefore does not gather with Mohist School of Thought, Emperor Wu of Han Revere only the Confucian Dismiss the Hundred Schools of Thought, makes Confucian School of Thought have the important authority. 但是,这件事情最大程度上得罪了文人儒生集团,儒家从战国以来一直是个非常猖狂的集团,它反映了要想治国必须以儒术为中心,所以和墨家不合,汉武帝独尊儒术罢黜百家,更让儒家有重要的权力。 After they are successful, aims at First Sovereign of Qin the criminal, therefore First Sovereign of Qin becomes the ten thousand th tyrant, loses the smelly millenniums. 他们得志后,把罪人指向秦始皇,所以秦始皇成为万世暴君、遗臭千年。 First Sovereign of Qin has not killed Chunyu to jump over, buries alive the master also in accordance with the law to process. The deceit state property, in the ancient times was the guilt of deceiving one's monarch, the guilt of deceiving one's monarch is the crime of decapitation. 秦始皇并没有杀淳于越,坑杀术士也是依法处理。欺骗国家财产,在古代是欺君之罪,欺君之罪就是杀头的罪。 Although loses many values the books, making one sigh, but First Sovereign of Qin burnt the book and pit Confucian is fair. 虽然失去很多价值的书,令人感叹,但是秦始皇焚书与坑儒是合情合理。 From this, First Sovereign of Qin is in charge of Xianyang City, thoroughly understands the China high and low 5000 year History, knows after one died, by the Confucian School of Thought pit such miserable, how can not rampage like the thunder. 由此,秦始皇入主咸阳城,通晓中国上下五千年的历史,知道自己死后,被儒家坑得如此之惨,怎么能不暴跳如雷。 Then had 【Expels Confucianism Decree】 Birth. 这才有了【驱儒令】的诞生。 Xianyang City Confucian Scholar, has not utterly destroyed directly, even if were the First Sovereign of Qin Emperor-King mind. 没有将咸阳城的儒生,直接斩尽杀绝,就算是秦始皇的帝王胸襟了。 Xianyang City Confucian Scholar, knows that their seniors, did the misdemeanor, the retribution came. This pot, they do not carry must carry. 咸阳城的儒生,也是知道,他们的前辈,干了坏事,报应来了。这个锅,他们不背也得背。 At once, the Xianyang Dynasty Court major government affairs organizations, massive Civil Official resign from office automatically. 一时之间,咸阳朝廷的各大政务机构,大量的文官自动辞官。 The resigning from office tide, has not affected the operation of Xianyang City. Only because of First Sovereign of Qin is not loner, moves in Xianyang along with him together, Li Si and other group of high-ranking court officials. 辞官浪潮,并没有影响到咸阳城的运作。只因秦始皇并不是孤家寡人,随他一起入住咸阳的,还有李斯等一帮重臣。 Has saying that this is a wonderful chess. First Sovereign of Qin 【Expels Confucianism Decree】, Not only expels Confucian Scholar that has made him loathe, but also controls Xianyang smoothly, kills two birds with one stone. 不得不说,这是一步妙棋。秦始皇【驱儒令】,不仅赶走了让他厌恶的儒生,还顺利地掌控咸阳,一举两得。 After Confucian Scholar resigns from office, their whereabouts, attracted attention. 儒生辞官之后,他们的去向,就引人关注了。 Goes to other Royal City? 去其他的王城？ Difficult. 难。 Each Royal City, the position was saturated, where can hold the newcomer. 每一座王城,位置都已经饱和,哪里容得下新来者。 Leaves the choice of Confucian Scholar, has two. 留给儒生的选择,只有两个。 First, goes into seclusion thoroughly, makes an idle cloud wild crane. 其一,彻底隐退,做一个闲云野鹤。 Second, join player's territory. 其二,加入玩家的领地。 China Region Landgraf, does not have one is a fool. 中国区的领主,没有一个是傻瓜。 【Expels Confucianism Decree】 Landgrafs like smelling the alligator of smell of blood, gets together in Xianyang City. 【驱儒令】一下,领主们就像闻到血腥味的鳄鱼,齐聚咸阳城。 To Player Territory, this is an once in a thousand years opportunity. 对玩家领地而言,这可是一个千载难逢的机会。 Xianyang City Confucian Scholar, particularly before this in government official of Dynasty Court assignment, although is not Historic Character, however in the function of territory, is not the least bit off. 咸阳城的儒生,尤其是此前在朝廷任职的官吏,虽然不是历史人物,但是在领地的作用,丝毫不差。 Their aptitude is outstanding, experience is rich, is really rare talented people. 他们资质优异,经验丰富,实在是不可多得的人才。 Also straightforward, like Mountains and Seas City present Zhou Haichen and Xu Zhenchang this kind of Civil Official, in Xianyang City, that is grasps big. 再说得直白一点,像山海城现在的周海辰、徐真常这一类的文官,在咸阳城,那是一抓一大把。 Is more outstanding than them, no longer minority. 比他们更优秀的,也不再少数。 So doesn't talented people, how make Landgrafs stimulated? Ouyang Shuo, heart movement. 如此人才,如何不让领主们亢奋？就连欧阳朔,都心动不已。 What what a pity is, on competing for Xianyang City Confucian Scholar military campaign, Ouyang Shuo is doomed to encounter Waterloo. Properly speaking, the Mountains and Seas City condition is advantageous, should win to turn over to is, the regulations are not so. 可惜的是,在争夺咸阳城的儒生战役上,欧阳朔注定要遭遇滑铁卢。按理来说,山海城的条件得天独厚,应该大胜而归才是,实则不然。 First, Confucian School of Thought mortal enemy Legalist School of Thought, its Dao Stage in Mountains and Seas City. Of Wei Yang Legalist School of Thought Representative Individual, holds an important post in Southern Border Protectorate General. 其一,儒家的死敌法家,其道场正是在山海城。法家的代表人物之一卫鞅,更是在南疆都护府身居要职。 Thinks that this, majority of Confucian Scholar will keep off in out of the door, the heart has the obstruction. 想想吧,就这一条,就将大部分的儒生挡在门外,心有芥蒂。 Second, Bai Qi, Wei Ran as well as Zhang Han and the others, may be the Qin State people. 其二,白起、魏冉以及章邯等人,可都是秦国人。 Although said that these with First Sovereign of Qin, basically not too many occurring together, however in the Confucian Scholar eye, Mountains and Seas City with Xianyang City, wears pants. 虽然说,这几位跟秦始皇,基本上都没有太多的交集,但是在儒生眼中,山海城跟咸阳城,还是穿一条裤子的。 This, Ouyang Shuo really innocent lying down spear|gun. 这一条,欧阳朔是真的无辜躺枪。 Although said that the Mountains and Seas City characteristics are all-inclusive, but that is only the Ouyang Shuo's statement of only one of the parties, personally has not seen, is hard to be persuasive. 虽然说,山海城的特点是兼容并蓄,但那只是欧阳朔的一面之辞,没有亲眼所见,是难以让人信服的。 This talented people contest, Mountains and Seas City is doomed to suffer defeat. 这一场人才争夺战,山海城注定要败北。